5 tipov, ako deti motivovať k čítaniu kníh

Napísal Natália Dujničová 15. december 2024

Zmizne u ďalšej generácie schopnosť kritického myslenia? Deti čím ďalej, tým menej siahajú po knihách. Výsledkom je zhoršený školský prospech, pretože čítanie je spojené so schopnosťou sústrediť sa. Deti radšej siahnu po klipovom obsahu, ktorý ponúkajú televízie či mobilné telefóny.

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Zdroj foto: Freepik

Ich miera sústredenosti klesá, rovnako ako schopnosť ich kognitívneho myslenia. Vyrastá u nás generácia negramotných čitateľov?

Podľa už siedmeho cyklu medzinárodnej štúdie OECD PISA 2022, zverejnenej rezortom školstva a Národným inštitútom vzdelávania a mládeže, sa žiaci na Slovensku zhoršili vo všetkých troch sledovaných oblastiach – v prírodnej gramotnosti, matematickej gramotnosti a čitateľskej gramotnosti. Podľa tohto prieskumu sa čitateľská gramotnosť nachádza pod priemerom zúčastnených krajín OECD. Percentuálny podiel žiakov v oblasti čitateľskej gramotnosti sa znížil zo 4,6 % v roku 2018 na 3,4 % v roku 2022 (Zdroj: Ministerstvo školstva, výskumu, vývoja a mládeže SR).

Čítanie deťom odporúčajú aj psychológovia

Z pravidelného čítania môžeme veľmi veľa získať. Čítanie pomáha vytvárať nové prepojenia v mozgu, vďaka čomu sa zlepšuje komunikácia medzi hemisférami a tým sa zvyšuje efektivita spracovávania informácií a schopnosť učiť sa.

„Náš mozog pri čítaní uchováva informácie do krátkodobej aj dlhodobej pamäte a pri čítaní beletrie sa aktívne zapája aj vybavovanie z pamäte - týmto “tréningom” sa zvyšuje schopnosť zapamätávať a vybavovať si veci z pamäte. Pravidelné čítanie už od detského veku pomáha udržiavať dlhšie kognitívne funkcie na dobrej úrovni,“ vysvetľuje detská klinická psychologička Mgr. Alica Farkašová.

Pravidelné čítanie má vplyv aj na rozvoj našej kreativity a predstavivosti, ktorú vieme aplikovať aj do iných oblastí nášho života. Zároveň sa nám rozvíja aj časť v mozgu zodpovedná za rozhodovanie.

A. Farkašová dodáva: „Žijeme v dobe, v ktorej sme neustále obklopení rôznymi technológiami, ktoré na nás pôsobia mnohými podnetmi a znižujú schopnosť koncentrácie. Mozgu trvá až 20 minút, kým sa naša schopnosť sústrediť sa vráti „do normálu”. Práve neprerušované čítanie nám zvyšuje túto schopnosť a okrem toho sa zvyšuje aj úroveň porozumenia. Možno konštatovať, že čím viac čítame, tým sa nám zvyšuje schopnosť zámerne venovať pozornosť aj náročným úlohám. Vďaka čítaniu sa nám rozširuje slovná zásoba a tým sa zlepšuje naše vyjadrovanie, či už verbálne alebo písomné.“

Ďalej dodáva, že čítanie má vplyv aj na rozvoj empatie, sociálnych zručností a duševné zdravie. „Už 30 minút čítania denne znižuje stres až o 68 %,“ tvrdí A. Farkašová. Okrem iného spoločné čítanie rodiča s dieťaťom posilňuje pozitívnu citovú väzbu.

5 tipov, ako deti motivovať k čítaniu kníh

1. Buďte im príkladom

 Deti sa najviac učia napodobňovaním. Ak vidia rodičov, ktorí radi čítajú, je väčšia šanca, že čítanie bude pre nich prirodzenou súčasťou života. Ukážte im, že kniha je pre vás zdrojom oddychu a radosti.

2. Vyberte knihy, ktoré ich skutočne zaujímajú

Každé dieťa má iné záujmy. Niektoré milujú dobrodružstvá, iné zvieratá alebo vesmír. Zoberte ich do kníhkupectva alebo knižnice a nechajte ich vybrať si vlastnú knihu.

3. Vytvorte z čítania rituál

Stanovte si pravidelný čas na čítanie, napríklad pred spaním. Tieto chvíle strávené pri knihe sa môžu stať obľúbenou časťou dňa.

4. Zapojte interaktivitu

Nechajte deti, aby vám pomáhali čítať jednoduché slová alebo opisovať obrázky. Po prečítaní knihy sa ich spýtajte, čo sa im na príbehu páčilo, alebo vytvorte krátku hru na motívy príbehu.

5. Spojte knihy s odmenou

Urobte z čítania zábavnú výzvu. Za každú prečítanú knihu môžu deti získať drobnú odmenu – samolepku, malú hračku alebo výlet do obľúbeného parku.

Ako vidia čítanie kníh slovenské autorky?

„Pri výber kníh z môjho pohľadu je dôležitá dĺžka textu dotvorená peknými ilustráciami. Vždy záleží od veku čitateľa. Ak chcete o knižke s dieťaťom diskutovať a popisovať s ním obrázky, vyberajte pre neho pútavé. Tieto sú vhodné pre malé detičky, ktoré nevedia ešte čítať. Avšak myslite na to, že čítaním deťom rozširujete slovnú zásobu, preto by vo vašej knižnici nemali chýbať knižky s dlhšími textami, aby si dieťa slovíčka osvojovalo a učilo sa sústrediť sa,“ tvrdí Natália Dujničová, autorka detskej knihy Dobrodružstvá chumáčika Perka.

„Čo sa kupovania kníh týka, všimla som si, že knihy pre deti kupuje skôr staršia generácia – staré mamy, ktoré sa snažia, aby dnešná generácia vyrastala na knihách rovnako ako ony. Preto je dôležité, aby deti čítanie „odkukali“ aj od nás, rodičov. Namiesto mobilu vezmime do ruky radšej aj my knihu a listujme si v nej. Deti to od nás odpozerajú a knihy budú brať ako prirodzenú súčasť ich života,“ dodáva autorka.

Že čítanie kníh má aj liečivý charakter na dušu človeka, bojuje s depresiou a udržiava mozog v prítomnosti, tvrdí aj slovenská autorka Anikó Mituch Pastoreková, autorka detskej knihy Eliza oslavuje narodeniny: „Duša nemá čas žialiť, smútiť, musí sa sústrediť na príbeh. Kto veľa číta, nemôže byť zlý človek. Dostáva odpovede, ktoré jeho myseľ a duša hľadajú. Vedie so spisovateľom vnútorný dialóg. Necíti sa osamelo. Úžasne si rozvíja empatiu, vie sa vžiť do životných situácií iných ľudí. Och, o tom by sa dalo toľko rozprávať!"

Čo zaberá na ich deti?

„Kniha sa sama neprečíta, najmä ak je dieťatko ešte malé. Musíte si s ním sadnúť, urobiť si pohodlie, vziať ho do náručia a znova a znova si s ním listovať. Najskôr to vôbec nie je o čítaní, dieťa sa nevie dlho sústrediť. Jednoducho popisujete obrázky, možno skúsite prerozprávať dej. Na začiatku je to pre rodiča veľká nuda, nebudeme si nič nahovárať. Ale okolo 3-4 rokov to konečne príde. Staršia dcéra zvládala dlhšie príbehy od 3 rokov a konečne som si užila aj ja! Začali sme chodiť vo veľkom do knižnice a čítali sme jeden príbeh za druhým," tvrdí Mituch Pastoreková. 

„Moje deti ešte samy nečítajú, o to viac si spoločné čítanie kníh užívame spolu. Odmalička máme zvyk, že si pred spaním ľahneme do postele a čítam im. Ak sa aj stane, že ideme spať neskôr a ja som unavená, deti mi pripomenú, že ešte treba prečítať rozprávku. A vtedy si uvedomím, že to má svoj význam. Výber rozprávky je vždy na nich a samozrejme, každý chce prečítať inú, tak čítame väčšinou dve,“ hovorí Dujničová.

 

41 komentárov

  • Komentár Monika %AM, %24 %518 %2025 %11:%mar napísal Monika

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