5 tipov, ako deti motivovať k čítaniu kníh

Napísal Natália Dujničová 15. december 2024

Zmizne u ďalšej generácie schopnosť kritického myslenia? Deti čím ďalej, tým menej siahajú po knihách. Výsledkom je zhoršený školský prospech, pretože čítanie je spojené so schopnosťou sústrediť sa. Deti radšej siahnu po klipovom obsahu, ktorý ponúkajú televízie či mobilné telefóny.

freepik_girl_reading_24

Zdroj foto: Freepik

Ich miera sústredenosti klesá, rovnako ako schopnosť ich kognitívneho myslenia. Vyrastá u nás generácia negramotných čitateľov?

Podľa už siedmeho cyklu medzinárodnej štúdie OECD PISA 2022, zverejnenej rezortom školstva a Národným inštitútom vzdelávania a mládeže, sa žiaci na Slovensku zhoršili vo všetkých troch sledovaných oblastiach – v prírodnej gramotnosti, matematickej gramotnosti a čitateľskej gramotnosti. Podľa tohto prieskumu sa čitateľská gramotnosť nachádza pod priemerom zúčastnených krajín OECD. Percentuálny podiel žiakov v oblasti čitateľskej gramotnosti sa znížil zo 4,6 % v roku 2018 na 3,4 % v roku 2022 (Zdroj: Ministerstvo školstva, výskumu, vývoja a mládeže SR).

Čítanie deťom odporúčajú aj psychológovia

Z pravidelného čítania môžeme veľmi veľa získať. Čítanie pomáha vytvárať nové prepojenia v mozgu, vďaka čomu sa zlepšuje komunikácia medzi hemisférami a tým sa zvyšuje efektivita spracovávania informácií a schopnosť učiť sa.

„Náš mozog pri čítaní uchováva informácie do krátkodobej aj dlhodobej pamäte a pri čítaní beletrie sa aktívne zapája aj vybavovanie z pamäte - týmto “tréningom” sa zvyšuje schopnosť zapamätávať a vybavovať si veci z pamäte. Pravidelné čítanie už od detského veku pomáha udržiavať dlhšie kognitívne funkcie na dobrej úrovni,“ vysvetľuje detská klinická psychologička Mgr. Alica Farkašová.

Pravidelné čítanie má vplyv aj na rozvoj našej kreativity a predstavivosti, ktorú vieme aplikovať aj do iných oblastí nášho života. Zároveň sa nám rozvíja aj časť v mozgu zodpovedná za rozhodovanie.

A. Farkašová dodáva: „Žijeme v dobe, v ktorej sme neustále obklopení rôznymi technológiami, ktoré na nás pôsobia mnohými podnetmi a znižujú schopnosť koncentrácie. Mozgu trvá až 20 minút, kým sa naša schopnosť sústrediť sa vráti „do normálu”. Práve neprerušované čítanie nám zvyšuje túto schopnosť a okrem toho sa zvyšuje aj úroveň porozumenia. Možno konštatovať, že čím viac čítame, tým sa nám zvyšuje schopnosť zámerne venovať pozornosť aj náročným úlohám. Vďaka čítaniu sa nám rozširuje slovná zásoba a tým sa zlepšuje naše vyjadrovanie, či už verbálne alebo písomné.“

Ďalej dodáva, že čítanie má vplyv aj na rozvoj empatie, sociálnych zručností a duševné zdravie. „Už 30 minút čítania denne znižuje stres až o 68 %,“ tvrdí A. Farkašová. Okrem iného spoločné čítanie rodiča s dieťaťom posilňuje pozitívnu citovú väzbu.

5 tipov, ako deti motivovať k čítaniu kníh

1. Buďte im príkladom

 Deti sa najviac učia napodobňovaním. Ak vidia rodičov, ktorí radi čítajú, je väčšia šanca, že čítanie bude pre nich prirodzenou súčasťou života. Ukážte im, že kniha je pre vás zdrojom oddychu a radosti.

2. Vyberte knihy, ktoré ich skutočne zaujímajú

Každé dieťa má iné záujmy. Niektoré milujú dobrodružstvá, iné zvieratá alebo vesmír. Zoberte ich do kníhkupectva alebo knižnice a nechajte ich vybrať si vlastnú knihu.

3. Vytvorte z čítania rituál

Stanovte si pravidelný čas na čítanie, napríklad pred spaním. Tieto chvíle strávené pri knihe sa môžu stať obľúbenou časťou dňa.

4. Zapojte interaktivitu

Nechajte deti, aby vám pomáhali čítať jednoduché slová alebo opisovať obrázky. Po prečítaní knihy sa ich spýtajte, čo sa im na príbehu páčilo, alebo vytvorte krátku hru na motívy príbehu.

5. Spojte knihy s odmenou

Urobte z čítania zábavnú výzvu. Za každú prečítanú knihu môžu deti získať drobnú odmenu – samolepku, malú hračku alebo výlet do obľúbeného parku.

Ako vidia čítanie kníh slovenské autorky?

„Pri výber kníh z môjho pohľadu je dôležitá dĺžka textu dotvorená peknými ilustráciami. Vždy záleží od veku čitateľa. Ak chcete o knižke s dieťaťom diskutovať a popisovať s ním obrázky, vyberajte pre neho pútavé. Tieto sú vhodné pre malé detičky, ktoré nevedia ešte čítať. Avšak myslite na to, že čítaním deťom rozširujete slovnú zásobu, preto by vo vašej knižnici nemali chýbať knižky s dlhšími textami, aby si dieťa slovíčka osvojovalo a učilo sa sústrediť sa,“ tvrdí Natália Dujničová, autorka detskej knihy Dobrodružstvá chumáčika Perka.

„Čo sa kupovania kníh týka, všimla som si, že knihy pre deti kupuje skôr staršia generácia – staré mamy, ktoré sa snažia, aby dnešná generácia vyrastala na knihách rovnako ako ony. Preto je dôležité, aby deti čítanie „odkukali“ aj od nás, rodičov. Namiesto mobilu vezmime do ruky radšej aj my knihu a listujme si v nej. Deti to od nás odpozerajú a knihy budú brať ako prirodzenú súčasť ich života,“ dodáva autorka.

Že čítanie kníh má aj liečivý charakter na dušu človeka, bojuje s depresiou a udržiava mozog v prítomnosti, tvrdí aj slovenská autorka Anikó Mituch Pastoreková, autorka detskej knihy Eliza oslavuje narodeniny: „Duša nemá čas žialiť, smútiť, musí sa sústrediť na príbeh. Kto veľa číta, nemôže byť zlý človek. Dostáva odpovede, ktoré jeho myseľ a duša hľadajú. Vedie so spisovateľom vnútorný dialóg. Necíti sa osamelo. Úžasne si rozvíja empatiu, vie sa vžiť do životných situácií iných ľudí. Och, o tom by sa dalo toľko rozprávať!"

Čo zaberá na ich deti?

„Kniha sa sama neprečíta, najmä ak je dieťatko ešte malé. Musíte si s ním sadnúť, urobiť si pohodlie, vziať ho do náručia a znova a znova si s ním listovať. Najskôr to vôbec nie je o čítaní, dieťa sa nevie dlho sústrediť. Jednoducho popisujete obrázky, možno skúsite prerozprávať dej. Na začiatku je to pre rodiča veľká nuda, nebudeme si nič nahovárať. Ale okolo 3-4 rokov to konečne príde. Staršia dcéra zvládala dlhšie príbehy od 3 rokov a konečne som si užila aj ja! Začali sme chodiť vo veľkom do knižnice a čítali sme jeden príbeh za druhým," tvrdí Mituch Pastoreková. 

„Moje deti ešte samy nečítajú, o to viac si spoločné čítanie kníh užívame spolu. Odmalička máme zvyk, že si pred spaním ľahneme do postele a čítam im. Ak sa aj stane, že ideme spať neskôr a ja som unavená, deti mi pripomenú, že ešte treba prečítať rozprávku. A vtedy si uvedomím, že to má svoj význam. Výber rozprávky je vždy na nich a samozrejme, každý chce prečítať inú, tak čítame väčšinou dve,“ hovorí Dujničová.

 

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    Users can count on to sculpt and outline their physique throughout this cycle,
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    Winstrol is not typically really helpful for females, as they can be prone to virilization results
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    In comparison to Winstrol, Anavar has a milder androgenic influence and
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    Anavar and Winstrol, are two well-liked decisions for rising athletic efficiency and creating a lean, sculpted physique that often sparks discussion amongst fitness enthusiasts.

    Both Winstrol and Anavar, are well-liked oral anabolic
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    A frequent scam we've been made aware of is dealers labeling products as Anavar, but the uncooked ingredient being Dianabol.
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    The crucial factor to recollect with a Winstrol and Anavar
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    When we are saying strongest, we imply the steroid that provides you with
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    Maintain in thoughts that although Anavar is amongst
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    the law in many nations, Winsol is completely authorized and out there without a prescription. Unlike Anavar, which is understood for its potential liver toxicity, Anvarol is way safer for long-term use.
    Anavar is a milder steroid than Winstrol and is
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    Low testosterone may cause folks to have much less well-being, diminished
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    Users at our clinic have reported building 10–15 pounds of muscle when first biking Winstrol, even when they’re in a calorie deficit.
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    said, I’ve come across many fellow fitness lovers and athletes who have
    seen related optimistic changes of their physiques.

    All Through my cycle, I closely monitor my body’s response to these compounds.

    For this purpose, Winstrol will often be used alone, and the cycle shall be more reasonable than these geared toward physique enhancement.
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    Scientists seen its anabolic properties and fewer unwanted effects than different steroids, like Dianabol.
    It’s necessary to start with a lower dosage and slowly enhance it to stop side effects.

    Don’t go beyond the suggested dose as it
    might possibly cause serious health issues. Plus, users of Winstrol
    experience larger strength, thus bettering exercise efficiency.
    It is essential to note that each Anavar and
    Winstrol can have antagonistic unwanted effects, such as liver toxicity
    and cholesterol imbalances.
    This shall be at a low dose, where the testosterone won’t
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    raising your Testosterone dose can result in highly effective anabolic
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    lean mass gainer for men and efficient for women when stacked with Primobolan or Winstrol.
    Anavar is a flexible compound that can be utilized for all functions (even bulking!), but
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    Remember, food regimen and training are the key; anabolic merely add the polish and
    let you make positive aspects faster.

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    However, Anavar can even trigger side effects corresponding to hair loss,
    zits, and clitoral enlargement in females.

    Therefore, you will need to take Anavar at a low dose and for a brief period of time to keep away
    from these opposed results. One of the primary advantages of the
    Sustanon Anavar cycle is that it helps to advertise muscle progress.

    This concept might maintain some water due to Anavar not being
    over-ally suppressive to pure testosterone production. We can not say how a lot Anavar
    can suppress the body’s personal testosterone
    because of genetic predisposition, so it can show troublesome.

    In my view, PCT is a time when testosterone restoration is paramount, and inducing additional suppression with a small,
    barely noticeable dose of Anavar appears poorly thought out.
    Due to its range, Oxandrolone can be utilized alone and in combination with different
    steroids, oral or injectable. Initially given to a variety of patients and given to them alone with little opposed sides, it can be used successfully alone nowadays and is.
    Used alone as an "Anavar only cycle," it’s effective at what objectives you have in mind however extra suited
    to cutting in males and bulking/cutting in females.
    Winstrol ensures you don’t lose your hard-earned
    positive aspects while shredding fats and getting ripped for competition or private goals.

    A cycle demanding caution is the "long cycle,"
    extending Oxandrolone use beyond 10 weeks.
    Whereas the physique might have time to manifest results, surpassing the standard 6
    to 8 weeks can heighten potential risks and unwanted effects,
    emphasizing the importance of accountable and knowledgeable utilization. With accountable use,
    Oxandrolone could be a useful tool in a female bodybuilder’s
    arsenal. The key lies find the proper balance that caters to
    your bodybuilding goals with out compromising your overall well being.

    If you don't use PCT after an Anavar cycle, you might experience a variety of unwanted effects,
    together with decreased testosterone levels, gynecomastia, testicular atrophy, and pimples.

    The size of your PCT will depend upon the length of your Anavar cycle
    and the dosage you used. In common, PCT ought to be began 2-3 days after your final Anavar dose and should
    final for 4-6 weeks. However, as with any steroid, Anavar use comes with potential side effects and risks.
    One of an important things to contemplate when utilizing Anavar is whether or not you want to use post-cycle therapy (PCT) after your cycle.
    Implementing post-cycle therapy (PCT) is useful as Anavar will lower endogenous testosterone manufacturing.
    This may be much less extreme in comparability with an Anadrol-only cycle; nevertheless, we
    now have noticed hypogonadism transpiring from Anavar-only
    cycles.
    Anavar can also impression levels of cholesterol, reducing HDL (good) ldl cholesterol and increasing LDL (bad)
    ldl cholesterol. While the drug is sometimes called ‘The Woman Steroid,’ it is
    not devoid of undesirable outcomes for ladies. Attainable antagonistic results embody the deepening of the voice and changes within the menstrual cycle.

    A great advantage of oral Primobolan is that it is not very poisonous to the liver.
    In Contrast To most orals, it isn't of the C17-alpha alkylated kind,
    which removes the liver toxicity risk. Primo is also thought-about a lot much less dangerous to cholesterol health compared to Winstrol.

    To add to this, Winstrol’s status for
    inflicting sometimes very extreme joint pain just isn't a
    known issue with Primobolan. A maximum dosage of 100mg/day is
    commonly thought-about by superior customers of Winstrol, particularly for an upcoming
    competition. In this case, an advanced Winstrol cycle could contain utilizing
    50mg/day for four weeks, rising to 100mg/day for the final two weeks of this 6 to 8-week cycle.
    Nonetheless, I’ve come across many ladies interested in using Winstrol as a substitute or operating a Winny
    cycle and evaluating it to previous experiences with Anavar.


    In most cases, these side effects will disappear once Winstrol is stopped.

    There are not many steroids that women can use at all with out the understanding of
    experiencing masculine side effects nearly instantly.
    If you’re wholesome and are decided to go forward with Winstrol, the primary cause cycles have to be restricted to no more than eight weeks is because of
    these liver toxicity dangers. However, it’s nonetheless clever to restrict the time spent stacking Winny and
    Anavar to brief lengths and the doses moderate. You might run this
    stack and not utilizing a check base if you’re sticking with very low doses, but typically, a
    check base is a good idea when using Anavar. Total, Primobolan is a better option for female steroid customers, significantly these extra targeted on fat loss.

    Nevertheless, cholesterol levels will change drastically, nearly definitely inflicting
    some stage of hypertension. The danger of developing arteriosclerosis and heart disease is
    excessive with this cycle, so if customers have a history of
    such in their family, it could be wise to keep away from this
    cycle. As with any testosterone product, we now have discovered Sustanon 250 to be an efficacious
    steroid for increasing muscle mass, strength, and energy (1).
    Sustanon 250, produced by Organon, is an anabolic
    steroid that accommodates a mix of four testosterone esters, delivering
    a staggered launch of the hormone post-injection. Nonetheless, Anavar could also be utilized while bulking phases of coaching
    to help athletes to realize muscle mass quick, but it should only be
    utilized for temporary durations. First, Anavar is a really mild steroid when it comes to its results on testosterone
    ranges.
    Participating in extreme or consecutive cycles could end in undesired
    outcomes and potential well being points. It is important to find the
    proper equilibrium to maximize advantages whereas minimizing risks to
    total well-being. Some customers favor to take their dosage pre-workout, attributing it to better energy, enhanced efficiency, and power.
    The rationale behind this conduct lies in the assumption that taking the
    dose prior to the workout will maximize the effect during
    the coaching session and facilitate higher results.
    However, there isn’t stable scientific evidence to substantiate this principle.
    The truth is, with an oral steroid like Oxandrolone, the
    modifications it brings are cumulative and oriented extra on the lengthy term.

    The scheduling aimed to coincide with workouts might not have a big impression as perceived.


    The dosage and period will rely upon particular person components, and
    a healthcare skilled should be consulted for personalized guidance.
    By recognizing the significance of PCT and following a well-designed plan, customers can help mitigate potential risks and promote a safe return to their body’s natural hormonal
    state. Sure, gaining lean muscle is among the major reasons females use Winstrol.

    A typical PCT protocol for Anavar can last anywhere from
    4 to six weeks. It’s necessary to follow your PCT protocol as prescribed to ensure the absolute
    best results. The particular PCT protocol will depend on the individual and the particular steroid
    cycle they have accomplished. However, a typical PCT protocol could embody
    drugs such as Clomid, Nolvadex, and HCG. (17)
    Malhotra, A., Poon, E., Tse, W. Y., Pringle, P. J., Hindmarsh,
    P. C., & Brook, C. G. The results of oxandrolone on the
    growth hormone and gonadal axes in boys with constitutional delay of progress and puberty.
    (2) Schimrigk, Häusler, G., Blümel, P., Plöchl, E., Waldhör,
    T., & Frisch, H.
    As customers transition into the fourth week of using Oxandrolone
    – or Anavar, it’s fascinating to watch the results of this compound on male and female bodies.
    Not to be seen as a radical transformation agent, Anavar tends
    to work extra subtly, amplifying energy, sculpting definition, and encouraging fats loss.
    Other benefits of Anavar embrace enhancing stamina and power as a result of it boosts pink
    blood cells. The joint advantages of Anavar make it stand
    out above different cutting steroids and is one of my
    favorite things about Anavar.

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