Simone de Beauvoirová

Napísala moderný manifest feminizmu pod názvom Druhé pohlavie a za román Mandaríni získala Goncourtovu cenu - SIMONE DE BEAUVOIROVÁ .

Na Slovensku, ako to už u nás býva, sa o slávnej Francúzske Simone de Beauvoirovej píše viac ako o milenke a družke nemenej slávneho Jeana-Paula Sartra, než ako o spisovateľke a žene s výnimočným intelektom. Slovenské vydanie Kroniky ľudstva dokonca uvádza nepravdivú informáciu, že Simone de Beauvoirová bola Sartrovou manželkou...

Simone de Beauvoirová sa narodila v roku 1908 v Paríži, kde v roku 1986 aj zomrela. Mala pomerne ťažké detstvo. Rodinu Beauvoirových zničil potupný bankrot a Simonina "bohu odovzdaná" matka a neschopný, k ničomu sa nehodiaci otec svojej dcére v živote nič neuľahčili...
Neradostnú životnú situáciu riešila Simone tým, že sa celou bytosťou upäla k štúdiu a postupne sa zaradila k moderným emancipovaným vzdelaným ženám, ktorým sa v tom čase hovorievalo "modrá pančucha" (bluestocking). 
Modrá pančucha de Beauvoirová sa však vyznačovala značnou eleganciou a filozofickými a literárnymi schopnosťami, ktorými výrazne predčila aj svojho učiteľa a neskôr dlhoročného problematického životného partnera Jeana-Paula Sartra (ktorého slávu mnohí odborníci odmietajú akceptovať a význam jeho diela delia minimálne dvomi...).

Výnimočnosť intelektu de Beauvoirovej Sartre plne rešpektoval a v profesionálnej rovine si tento problematický pár býval vzájomnou oporou. V rámci praktického spolužitia však Sartre dokázal urobiť Simone zo života peklo - jeho chaotický, vypätý, promiskuitný spôsob života, trvalý strach z konkurencie a komplexy viažúce sa k jeho nevábnemu vzhľadu (Sartre bol malý, obézny, s opuchnutou tvárou, žltými zubami a škúliacimi očami) ho posunuli do pozície otrokára, čudáka a nakoniec blázna, po smrti ktorého (v roku 1980) si Beauvoirová, podľa názoru okolia, konečne vydýchla.

Existencialistka Simone de Beauvoirová je autorkou revolučného diela Druhé pohlavie, ktoré sa stalo moderným manifestom feminizmu 20. storočia. Dielo, ktorého úvodné slová sú "Človek sa ako žena nerodí, stáva sa ňou", v obrovských nákladoch dobylo svet a Simone de Beauvoirová sa tak stala zakladateľkou a následne patrónkou novodobého feministického hnutia.

„Úcta k slobode druhého nie je abstraktné pravidlo: je prvou podmienkou úspechu mojej snahy.“ Simone de Beauvoir

Ďalším významným dielom de Beauvoirovej je román Mandaríni, ktorý ponúka obraz francúzskeho povojnového literárneho sveta. Za túto knihu de Beauvoirová získala prestížnu Goncourtovu cenu. (Obe diela boli v šesťdesiatych rokoch preložené do češtiny.)

Tip: Najslávnejšie dielo Simone de Beauvoirovej Druhé pohlavie, ktorého hlavným cieľom bolo prispieť k oslobodeniu človeka cez pochopenie a zdôraznenie jeho individuálnej zodpovednosti, pojednáva: 


- O dejinách a mýtoch a ich prepojení s životom modernej ženy.

- 
O ženských názoroch a postojoch, ktoré dokazujú, že väčšina žien je trvalo prenasledovaná svojim ženstvom.

- O stereotype definovania ženy nie ako takej, ale ako bytosti vymedzenej vo vzťahu k mužovi; vďaka čomu sa žena redukuje na kategóriu "iná"; ktorú odmietnuť, znamená stratiť všetky výhody a prijať, znamená stať sa vecou.

- O mystickom nádychu ženskej zamilovanosti a sexuality.

- O spoločenskom oslobodení žien, ktorého základ spočíva v zmene ekonomických podmienok a vytvorení "spoločného ľudstva" žien a mužov, na základe ktorého možno smerovať k slobode, rovnosti a spoločnému prospechu.

- O tom, že osud ženy nie je daný ani večnosťou ani tradičným svetom ženstva, a žena musí trvať na svojej dôstojnosti a slobode, aby sa mohla stať nezávislou, o sebe rozhodujúcou bytosťou.

1 Komentár

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