Lákavé legálne praktiky obchodníkov

V rámci našej činnosti sa stretávame s mnohými nekalými praktikami obchodníkov. Na tie myslí aj zákon, ktorý niektoré vymenúva, k iným poskytuje všeobecné pokyny a všetky zakazuje. Obchodníci však používajú množstvo praktík, ktoré sú pre spotrebiteľov lákavé a úplne v súlade s právnymi predpismi.

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Obchodníci však používajú množstvo praktík, ktoré sú pre spotrebiteľov lákavé a úplne v súlade s právnymi predpismi. Dokonca nemusí ísť ani o hraničné situácie, keď by napríklad predajcovia využívali nepresnosť či nejasnosť právnej úpravy a spotrebitelia tieto praktiky nemusia vôbec vedome vnímať. O aké lákavé praktiky môže ísť?

Rozvrhnutie predajne

Prvým „trikom“ je už samotné rozvrhnutie predajne, keď často býva pri vstupe umiestnený výhodný tovar, aby spotrebiteľa „vtiahol“ dovnútra. Následne sú veľakrát spotrebitelia „nútení“ prejsť celú predajňu, aby nakúpili potrebné veci – v zadných priestoroch predajní môžu byť najčastejšie nakupované produkty a spotrebitelia si tak po ceste prezrú oveľa viac tovaru, ako by chceli.

Chytrým ťahom je tiež rozmiestnenie drobných sladkostí v priestoroch pokladní. Veľa spotrebiteľov dostane pri čakaní chuť na sladkosť a v prípade, že sú v predajni s deťmi, je odolávanie tomuto náporu ešte zložitejšie.

Do rozvrhnutia predajne môžeme zahrnúť aj rozloženie regálov. Vo výške očí bývajú „známe“ produkty, ktoré sú často drahšie a predajcovia z nich teda majú vyšší zisk. Samozrejmosťou je potom aj presúvanie tovaru s blížiacim sa dátumom spotreby do popredia. „To má zároveň za úlohu zabrániť plytvaniu tovarom, čo je, samozrejme‚ pozitívna praktika,“ vysvetľuje Eduarda Hekšová, riaditeľka spotrebiteľskej organizácie dTest.

„Lákavému rozvrhnutiu predajne sa dá však jednoducho ubrániť a to striktným dodržiavaním nákupného zoznamu,“ radí Hekšová. V prípade potreby si spotrebitelia môžu tiež spočítať cenu plánovaného nákupu a vziať si so sebou iba hotovosť s drobnou rezervou.

Osvetlenie

Ďalším, avšak veľmi dôležitým faktorom, je osvetlenie predajne. Takmer každý uprednostní rozžiarenú čistú predajňu pred ponurou a zle osvetlenou konkurenciou. Okrem pocitu vyššej čistoty, ktorý môže (ale tiež nemusí) byť oprávnený, vyzerajú lepšie aj samotné produkty. Tu už potom nezáleží na tom, či ide o potraviny alebo oblečenie. „Správne osvetlená kabínka s oblečením dodá mnohým spotrebiteľom dobrý pocit z nového kusu do šatníka,“ upresňuje Hekšová.

Spotrebitelia by teda mali byť rozvážni aj pri samotnom prezeraní produktov, pretože pri nákupe v predajni nemá spotrebiteľ zákonné právo na odstúpenie do 14 dní. „Veľa predajcov však vrátenie peňazí či výmenu tovaru ponúka aj nad rámec zákona,“ upozorňuje Hekšová.

Vzrušujúca reklama

Posledná praktika, ktorá je ale už viac regulovaná, je reklama. Pri reklame všeobecne platí, že nesmie byť pornografická – predajcovia sa však často snažia zapôsobiť a zaujať práve pudovou rovinou. Podľa výskumov tieto reklamy skutočne môžu upútať pozornosť, avšak ani to nevedie k zvýšeniu predaja. V jednom výskume bolo dokonca zistené, že billboard so sporo oblečenou ženou pri ceste mužov zaujal, avšak máloktorý si vybavil, akého produktu sa reklama týkala. Ženy polonahé mužské telo vnímajú často skôr negatívne.

„Predajcovia by sa mali snažiť zaujať produktom, nie lacným motívom,“ apeluje Eduarda Hekšová. Na Slovensku sa zaoberá etickou samoreguláciou reklamy Rada pre reklamu. „V prípade, že by spotrebitelia uvideli v reklame nevhodný obsah, ktorý si myslia, že je v rozpore s Etickým kódexom, môžu sa na ňu obrátiť so sťažnosťou,“ uzatvára Hekšová z dTestu.

Zdroj foto: Freepik

11 komentárov

  • Komentár Lou %PM, %15 %029 %2025 %23:%mar napísal Lou

    He spends his free time at the gym, on his surfboard or staying
    up late watching sports activities in incompatible time
    zones. Bench press is commonly used as a barometer for
    measuring your general energy, and it works every inch of your chest.
    StrengthLog is a hundred % free, however our premium model offers further benefits.
    To progress these, you'll find a way to once more use a bag and/or
    progressively decrease the height of the platform you’re holding
    onto. There are by no means sufficient dumbbell options to assist give you a killer pec pump.

    This is a perfect isolation exercise to make use of until failure or
    for supersets with compound chest exercises,
    like a barbell bench press or dumbbell press.
    It Is an excellent train to focus on mind-muscle connection and concentrate on the contraction. In the sections beneath,
    we'll explain every little thing you want to know regarding the
    chest muscle, from anatomy to compound chest exercises.
    However first, we will educate you the chest isolation exercises you want to maximize your
    chest workout and muscle progress.
    The small pectoralis minor is within the upper chest, coated by
    the pectoralis main. Mendacity on the outer surface of the ribs on the sides (just under the armpits), the serratus anterior is covered
    by the scapula on the rear and the pectoralis main in entrance.
    After the bench press, it is time to transfer on to incline dumbbell presses, dips, and
    standing cable flyes. The same principle of progressive overload nonetheless applies to those workouts, and you must
    all the time attempt to increase the load you’re utilizing for a
    given rep aim. For that reason, the best inner chest workouts
    would technically be any type of press (dumbbell or barbell) or fly (with dumbbells or cables) performed at a flat or decline angle.
    All in all, cable machines are a flexible, effective, and efficient choice for training
    the chest.
    Training your internal chest enhances overall chest look by adding depth and
    definition. Robust internal pecs improve posture, making
    your shoulders look broader and extra aligned. Targeted workout routines just like
    the dumbbell squeeze press target this space specifically, leading
    to visible muscle separation that many bodybuilders need.
    Low cable flyes are an various to a regular cable fly that emphasizes the upper pecs.
    The low cable fly is carried out the actual same
    way as a normal cable fly, except the handles must be dropped as
    low as possible. You then slowly lift the handles upward to shoulder level, somewhat than the downward movement of cable flyes.

    You’ve spent all of this time engaged on it,
    and the shape just isn’t there but. This part of your pecs is liable for
    a lot of the motion of your arms that it’s simple to
    miss out on the workout routines that can really blast them.

    Take a while to be taught extra about your internal chest, and extra importantly a quantity of exercises that can actually put you head and shoulders (and chest) above the remainder.
    The advantages of the Reverse Grip Dumbbell Bench Press include elevated upper chest, shoulder,
    and tricep energy, improved stability and stability, and enhanced muscular endurance.
    This train can even assist enhance posture and total upper body
    aesthetics. The best form for cable crossovers is
    to maintain your core tight and your again straight throughout
    the movement. Make sure to give consideration to squeezing your
    chest muscular tissues at the finish of the motion to get essentially the
    most out of the train.
    One of the largest obstacles to a consistent exercise regime is overtraining,
    which applies as a lot to chest exercises as the rest.
    In addition to working the chest and inspiring flexibility, the chest flye additionally strengthens the
    triceps whereas stabilizing shoulder muscles. It hits the
    pectoral muscular tissues nearly solely and allows for higher chest power and definition.
    It additionally minimizes the usage of the encompassing arm muscle tissue in comparison with
    different chest exercises. The plate pinch press is an efficient way to goal your inner chest
    and really get these fibers working utilizing a low weight, excessive rep workout.

    Lie on a decline bench, holding a dumbbell in every hand with palms facing each other.
    Push the weights up and collectively till your arms are totally
    prolonged, then lower them again down. Incorporating
    a combine of angles via decline bench press or incline bench press variations
    can even stimulate completely different elements of
    the internal chest for balanced development.

    Next, we’ll dive into the highest 10 exercises
    particular to sculpting your inner chest. By adducting your arms in direction of the
    midline of your body, you interact your pecs, so this
    is a nice warm-up exercise for body weight chest
    exercises. Compound workout routines, also identified as multi-joint actions, are a basic cornerstone
    of effective strength training and bodybuilding. What units compound workout
    routines apart is their ability to interact a number of muscle teams and
    joints simultaneously throughout a single movement.
    If you don’t have any balls, you can also make this
    a true no gear chest exercise by using a couple of heavy books stacked collectively as an alternative of a ball.
    Both heads converge, and then the muscle inserts on the humerus, or
    upper-arm bone. If you may have a training buddy who needs to develop their inside chest space, be positive to share this information with
    them as properly. When you do that for the decrease,
    middle, or higher part of the inside chest, you want to be ready to actually feel the muscle tissue contract and turn out to be agency.
    You can also adjust a cable machine to work every a part of the internal chest.

    So far, we discussed internal chest workouts using tools and hence mostly carried
    out on the fitness center. An advanced version of the basic pushup, this train can target your inner pec and
    your triceps effectively. If you might be already a grasp on the pushup exercise, apply your method up to this variation,
    and be able to get surprised with the results.

    Bench presses, pushups, dips – there are plenty of
    chest exercises that help in pumping up the chest
    muscle tissue and giving you the ultimate word sculpted higher body.
    However, regardless of how exhausting you strive, attaining the perfect internal chest muscle remains to be a tricky task.

    In order to maximise the effect on the inner chest,
    there are some things to bear in mind. In geek converse, every
    sarcomere of muscle fibril will contract with each rep of those chest-focused
    workout routines. However you presumably can put added emphasis in your
    inner chest with the best workout routines. Positive, you presumably can't
    really isolate your "inside chest"—but these workout
    routines will assist accomplish your higher physique targets.
    This train could be carried out from an upright standing position, bent over standing
    place, or with a bench set up subsequent to the cable
    machine in a lying position. This variation of the essential cable fly adds a bit more shoulder and lower chest, while still emphasizing the inside chest - or in other words, the lower-inner chest.


    As I mentioned earlier, that is more practical for hypertrophy than shorter ranges of
    movement. Carry Out Workout 1 for 4-6 weeks, making an attempt to extend your weight every workout.
    Then transfer to Workout 2 and repeat the process until you
    get via Exercise 5. As Quickly As you're by way of Exercise 5, you can begin over at 
    Exercise 1 assured that you just're greater and stronger than you have been before.
    All areas of the chest reply finest in the low (4-6) or reasonable (8-12) rep ranges.

    I rarely embrace greater reps for newbie lifters and I consider the heavier weight helps
    construct a extra solid foundation.
    Cable chest presses are an effective way to strengthen your chest muscles.
    They have fixed rigidity all through the motion and a full range of
    motion. Chest dips are an effective compound movement that
    targets the decrease chest, shoulders, and triceps. Leaning
    forward during the train places larger emphasis on the
    chest muscle tissue (Kompf & Arandjelović, 2017).

    It originates out of your prime 2–4 ribs and inserts on the coracoid process in your scapula.

    Its primary functions are to protract your scapula and rotate your scapula ahead.

    In terms of chest hypertrophy and energy coaching, the
    pectoralis minor is often negligible, and likewise typically trained by related exercises as
    your pectoralis main anyway. From chest muscle anatomy and
    progress, to the time-tested workout routines that
    lifters, bodybuilders, and athletes have deployed for many years in pursuit
    of greater chest measurement and power.
    What makes this train particular is that you could be pressing the dumbbells collectively the complete time, which is great for muscle activation and the internal chest.

    Cable flys are the most effective workouts for actually focusing pressure on the internal chest.
    Cable exercises provide constant pressure, which means the muscle
    stays stimulated throughout the whole vary of motion. For a calisthenic train, diamond push-ups are amazing at what they got down to
    do. They’re the prime instance of utilizing your body’s full pure range of movement to attain results in hard to reach places.
    Some frequent faults of the seated cable chest press include utilizing an extreme amount of weight, allowing the elbows to flare out, and arching the again.
    Setting the bench at an incline allows for greater activation of the shoulders, so you’ll be working additional muscles on high of your pecs with every rep you perform.

    As with the decline barbell/dumbbell press, the incline press is ideally suited to these periods
    where you wish to hit a range of chest muscular tissues to assist with
    overall chest definition. If you’re placing collectively a chest session in the fitness center and need to get most influence on your lower
    pecs, the barbell/dumbbell decline press should be added to your exercise routine.
    Chest flyes assist open up your chest muscle tissue since they permit for an extended movement to stretch the muscular tissues beyond the vary of other
    chest exercises. The plate pinch press is a great pectoral train for these exercises if you really wish to
    hone in on a range of chest muscle tissue. The fly takes that important motion we've already highlighted—adduction—and adds resistance.
    But whereas the standard dumbbell chest fly is a stable possibility (you'll discover it listed below, after all)
    the exercise does have its downsides.
    To take a look at extra of one of the best resistance band exercises for chest, check out my
    article, Resistance Band Chest Exercise. In addition to
    the Barbell Flat Bench Press and the Horizontal Cable Crossover I showed you above,
    I’ve got a pair more favourite exercises for mid chest.
    The most important factor in losing body fat is diet, and that’s undoubtedly the best place to begin. Diets are momentary,
    and I’m positive you want to lose your chest fat for
    good. You’ll must work to scale back overall bodyfat in order to lose your chest fat as
    a result of there isn't any approach to spot reduce fats in only one specific space of the physique.

    By performing the push-ups in gradual motion, you’ll make your muscular
    tissues work harder and assist them grow bigger and stronger.
    You need to lean your higher physique slightly over the bar and produce your legs ahead underneath the bar as you descend to remain balanced.

    And then utilizing your decrease chest and triceps,
    push again up and try to maintain your elbows from flaring out too much.
    And make sure the bar doesn’t drag towards your physique all through the movement.
    But I guarantee should you carry out them correctly
    you will notice huge enhancements in your lower chest.
    The lower chest muscles are best stimulated by workouts done on a level decline.

    The shut grip bench press is one other foundational motion that does work to the internal chest, as nicely as the triceps.
    This is a good place to begin should you battle with different workouts, or only have a barbell.
    One Thing else you’ll discover while experimenting with the place of your pectoralis main is that they’re not
    engaged in each single ‘movement your arm makes. That’s as a result of your pecs are liable for three main actions of your humerus.

    All of those muscle fibers stretch throughout your chest
    and inserts themselves into the upper joint of your humerus.
    It’s part of the complex jungle of tendons and muscles that make up your
    shoulder joints. There’s simply plenty of pure muscle involved in transferring your higher arm round.

    A research by Barnett, Kippers, and Turner (1995) discovered that an incline angle of 30 to 45 degrees
    prompts the clavicular head of the chest more effectively
    than the flat bench press. This variation helps to create a well-rounded
    and proportionate chest. The barbell bench press is a cornerstone train for developing
    chest strength and size. This compound motion primarily targets the
    pectoralis major whereas also participating the anterior deltoids and triceps.

    Lastly, through the cable machine you probably can explore quite so much of exercises which will add worth to your routine.
    Ideally you’ll discover a way to incorporate most of, if not all, into your chest routine.

    Variety promotes positive aspects in power and size, and helps to forestall plateaus.

    You can add loads of single-arm chest workout routines to appropriate potential imbalances when doing an internal chest
    exercise with a cable machine. Now, let’s discover
    the most effective inner chest exercises for strengthening your
    chest and improving posture using various forms of fitness tools and
    a few body weight workouts that you are capable of do at house.
    If you want to construct a a lot bigger and stronger chest, you should add inner chest workout routines to your chest workout routine.
    You can construct out a new plan utilizing some of these workout routines (or attempt our 4-Week Chisel Your Chest Program), which can spur muscle progress and assist you to to construct energy.

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