MÝTY O DAROVANÍ KRVI, ktoré sa nezakladajú na pravde

Celosvetovo je darcov krvi stále nedostatok a inak tomu nie je ani u nás na Slovensku. Pritom veľa Slovákov vypľúva krv pri čistení zubov do umývadla, čo je zbytočné plytvanie. Informácie o darovanie krvi je potrebné verejne šíriť a pokiaľ je to možné, krv aj darovať. 

darovanie_krvi_2

Nikdy totiž nevieme, kedy ju sami budeme potrebovať.

Čo ale nechceme, aby sa šírilo, sú mýty o darovaní krvi, s ktorými ste sa už možno stretli. Rozhodne nie je prekážkou, ak ste žena, fajčíte alebo nekonzumujete mäso. Aj vy môžete darovať krv. Poďme si teda zhrnúť niekoľko najväčších mýtov, ktoré sa vôbec nezakladajú na pravde.

Mýtus: Darovanie krvi bolí

Darovania krvi sa netreba obávať, nie je to zákrok, ktorý by bol bolestivý. Počas odberu krvi sa používa rovnaká ihla, ako pri bežnom odbere u praktického lekára. A s takým odberom sa už pravdepodobne stretol každý z nás. Ak teda zvládnete bežný odber krvi, zvládnete aj jej darovanie.

Darovanie krvi je porovnateľné s bežným odberom, nemusíte sa teda vôbec báť bolesti.potvrdzuje MUDr. Ján Gyarfáš z Kliniky onkohematológie LFUK a NOÚ v Bratislave. Každý odber krvi trvá približne 7-10 minút, deje sa v príjemnom prostredí  a pod starostlivým dohľadom zdravotníkov,dodáva lekár.

Mýtus: Vegetariáni nemôžu darovať krv

Vyradenie darcu krvi z evidencie nie je možné bez vážneho dôvodu. Odmietnuť vegetariána, lebo predpokladáme, že vegetariáni majú v krvi menšie množstvo železa je nesprávne. Každý darca krvi pred jej darovaním podstúpi kontrolný odber krvi a konzultuje svoj zdravotný stav, či  životný štýl s lekárom – špecialistom. Napríklad zelená listová zelenina obsahuje vysoké množstvo železa, čím môže byť množstvo železa v krvi vegetariána porovnateľné s človekom, ktorý bežne konzumuje mäso.

Mýtus: Pred odberom nemôžem aspoň deň nič jesťa piť

Pozor! Toto tvrdenie je veľmi rozšírené a nie je pravdivé. Pred darovaním krvi sa naraňajkujte. Pitný režim pred aj po darovaní krvi je veľmi dôležitý. Ideálne sú nesladené tekutiny, môžete si dať aj kávu bez mlieka. Večer vynechajte tučné jedlá, vynechajte tiež alkohol, slané čipsy.

Mýtus: Som žena a darovať krv nemôžem

Tvrdenie, že žena nemôže darovať krv je nesprávne. Celá otázka môže súvisieť s hladinou hemoglobínu v ľudskom tele. Tú majú ženy obvykle o niečo nižšiu ako muži. Ak je zdravotný stav ženy dobrý, váži viac ako 50 kg, nie je tehotná ani nedojčí, jej hladina hemoglobínu v krvi by mala byť v požadovanej výške a krv teda darovať môže. Pravdou je, že počas menštruácie a pár dní po nej sa darovanie krvi ženám neodporúča.

Ženy aj muži sú vítanými darcami krvi. Ženy môžu darovať krv 3-krát do roka, muži 4-krát . Pri jednom darovaní krvi sa štandardne odoberá 450 ml, hovorí MUDr. Gyarfáš.

Mýtus: Fajčím a to je problém

Aj fajčiar môže darovať krv, ak dodrží odporúčania lekárov – špecialistov v oblasti transfuziológie. Krv, ktorú darcovia darujú má pacientom pomôcť. Ak pred darovaním krvi vydržíte 6 hodín bez cigarety, určite to skúste!

Mýtus: Darovaná krv mi bude v tele chýbať

Ľudské telo obsahuje približne 4-6 litrov krvi. Nemusíte sa preto báť, že vám darovaná krv bude v tele chýbať. Zdravé ľudské telo si totiž krv dokáže znova samo vyrobiť. Krvná plazma a krvné doštičky sa v tele obnovia do 48 hodín, červené krvinky zhruba do mesiaca. Najkratšia doba, po ktorej môže darca znova darovať krv, je osem týždňov.

Mýty sa šíria oveľa rýchlejšie ako dôležité a pravdivé informácie. Snáď sa nám niekoľko mýtov podarilo vyvrátiť a dôležité informácie dostatočne rozšíriť. Správne informácie dokážu podporiť prvodarcov v rozhodnutí darovať krv. Práve preto sa značka parodontax spája so Slovenským Červeným krížom a spoločne hovoria o darovaní krvi. Pridajte sa aj Vy ku kampani Darujte krv a staňte sa darcom krvi. Nájdite odberové centrum vo svojom meste. Využite možnosť objednať sa na čas, ktorý Vám najviac vyhovuje. Prečítajte si dôležité informácie pred darovaním krvi. Všetky informácie o darovaní krvi nájdete na stránke Slovenského Červeného kríža.

Slovník pojmov alebo “darcovská” terminológia

Prvodarca

Prvodarcom je ten darca, ktorý ide krv darovať prvýkrát. V súčasnej dobe je práve prvodarcov veľký nedostatok. Je však potrebné mať k dispozícii celú škálu krvi, ktorá vždy pomôže tým, ktorí ju potrebujú. A práve tu vzniká potreba zoznam darcov neustále rozširovať.

Plná krv

Krv odobraná darcovi sa spracuje na jednotlivé zložky, ktoré slúžia na rôzne účely. Pacientovi sa podáva len tá časť krvi, ktorej má nedostatok. Z každého odberu plnej krvi sa pripravujú tri transfúzne prípravky: koncentrát erytrocytov (červené krvinky), koncentrát trombocytov (krvné doštičky) a krvná plazma.

Hemoglobín

Hemoglobín je na železo bohatá bielkovina, nachádzajúca sa v červených krvinkách. Kyslík, ktorý vstupuje do pľúc sa viaže na hemoglobín v krvi, ktorý ho následne roznáša do rôznych tkanív v tele.

Krvná skupina

Krvná skupina alebo presnejšie krvný typ, je popis vlastností červených krviniek. V súčasnej dobe sa rozlišuje okolo 30 rôznych systémov krvných skupín. Najznámější je systém AB0, v ktorom rozoznávame štyri základné typy krvných skupín: A, B, AB a 0.

Aferéza

Darcovi možno odobrať celú krv alebo len niektoré jej zložky. Prístrojovému odberu jednej zložky krvi od darcu sa hovorí aferéza. Ostatné časti krvi sa darcovi vrátia do obehu. Aferéza sa vykonáva na špeciálnom prístroji – krvinkovom separátore. 

Transfúzia krvi

Potreba krvi je veľká. Približne 180 000 transfúznych jednotiek červených krviniek sa každoročne spotrebuje iba na Slovensku. Transfúzia krvi sa pravidelne používa v prípade chirurgických zákrokov, traumy, gastrointestinálneho krvácania. S cieľom hradiť väčšie krvné strany. Aj onkologickí pacienti často potrebujú transfúziu krvi. Pravidelné zásobovanie bezpečnou krvnou vyžadujú aj ľudia, ktorých krv postihli genetické poruchy, ako je talasémia a kosáčikovitá anémia, aby sa ich postihnutá krv mohla nahradiť.  

 

11 komentárov

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