Vitamín D a jeho nedostatok v ľudskom organizme

Pre zdravé fungovanie tela je potrebných veľa druhov vitamínov a stopových prvkov. Úlohe vitamínu D sa v posledných rokoch venuje intenzívnejšie, než predtým. Zistilo sa, že jeho účinky sa neobmedzujú iba na metabolizmus kostí.

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Odborníci stále častejšie upozorňujú aj na to, že vitamín D má dôležitú rolu v budovaní imunity.

Čo je vitamín D?

Vitamín D je taká mikroživina, ktorú si ľudské telo produkuje samo, takže nejde ani tak o vitamín. Je skôr hormón. Najčastejšie sa to udeje tak, že slnečné svetlo vyprodukuje vitamín D v koži, odtiaľ sa prostredníctvom krvi dostane do pečene a následne do obličiek. Väčšina vitamínu D, ktoré sa dostane do organizmu, sa vytvára z provitamínov nachádzajúcich sa pod kožou, keď ich aktivizuje slnečné žiarenie. Táto látka tiež ovplyvňuje hladinu vápnika v krvi a priamo podporuje ukladanie vápnika v kostnom tkanive.

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Prirodzené zdroje vitamínu D

Produkciu vitamínu D môže podporovať aj správna, rozmanitá a zdravá strava. Jeho najlepším zdrojom sú oleje z rybej pečene, pečeň, vajcia, mlieko a mliečne výrobky, margaríny. Je dôležité ešte raz spomenúť, že sa tvorí najmä v koži pri slnečnom žiarení. Žiaľ, znečistené ovzdušie vplýva aj na tento proces, pretože škodlivé látky v atmosfére absorbujú ultrafialové lúče. V pokožke sa tým pádom produkuje menej vitamínu D.

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Funkcie vitamínu D v ľudskom tele

Primárnou biologickou funkciou vitamínu D je udržiavať normálnu hladinu vápnika a fosforu v krvi, zohráva však tiež primárnu úlohu pri vstrebávaní vápnika a tvorbe a udržiavaní silných kostí. Posledné výskumy poukazujú na to, že chráni pred osteoporózou, vysokým krvným tlakom, rakovinou a mnohými autoimunitnými ochoreniami.

Hrá ústrednú úlohu vo vývine kostí. Ak majú malé deti nízku hladinu vitamínu D, ich kosti nemôžu správne rásť a posilniť sa. Znamená to, že oporná sústava nebude stabilná ani v dospelom veku. Zdravie zubov a sklon k zubnému kazu taktiež súvisia aj s prísunom vitamínu D. U ľudí s atrofiou ďasien je táto látka obzvlášť dôležitá.

Vitamín D lieči psoriázu. Ľudia s týmto ochorením majú zvyčajne nízku hladinu vitamínu D, a ak zvýšia svoj denný príjem tejto mikroživiny, zároveň znižujú intenzitu symptómov.

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Čo môže viesť k nedostatku vitamínu D?

Ak z nejakého dôvodu metabolizmus vitamínu D je narušený alebo nefunguje dostatočne, je prítomné silné riziko nedostatku vitamínu D. Hladina aktívneho vitamínu D sa zvyčajne určuje z krvi. Pri takýchto vyšetreniach sa venuje pozornosť aj tomu, či daná osoba nemá zvýšenú hladinu vápnika.

Keďže primárnom zdrojom vitamínu D je slnko, jedným z najfrekventovanejších dôvodov nedostatku vitamínu D je, logicky, nedostatočný kontakt s prirodzeným svetlom. Vyskytuje sa hlavne u starších ľudí alebo pri nosení oblečenia zahaľujúceho celý povrch tela.

Ďalšie možné príčiny nedostatku vitamínu D:

●      podvýživa,

●      znížená schopnosť vstrebávania vitamínu D z čriev (napr. u ľudí s celiakiou),

●      zvýšená spotreba vitamínu D (tehotenstvo, dojčenie, rast u detí),

●      užívanie určitých liekov (napr. antiepileptík).

●      zvýšená funkcia obličiek,

●      nefróza,

●      poškodené fungovanie obličiek,

●      dysfunkcia prištítnych teliesok,

●      zvýšená činnosť štítnej žľazy (hypertyreóza)

●      niektoré typy rachitídy,

●      otrava kadmiom.

Nedostatok vitamínu D u dospelých môže spôsobiť zdravotné problémy, ako osteoporóza, svalové kŕče a rýchle poškodenie zubov.

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Druhy vitamínu D

Vitamín D je súhrnný názov pre dva druhy vitamínov: vitamín D2 a vitamín D3. Ich biologická hodnota je pre ľudské telo rovnaká, avšak z hľadiska biologického účinku vitamín D3 je aktívnejší ako vitamín D2. Znamená to, že vitamín D3 vie telo spracovávať ľahšie.

Vitamín D2 je vo väčšom množstve obsiahnutý napríklad v kvasinkách, niektorých druhoch húb a ražnej hubke. Vitamín D2 živočíšneho pôvodu sa nachádza v niektorých druhoch rybieho oleja.

V prírode sa častejšie vyskytuje D3, a vytvára sa najmä pri kontakte so slnečným žiarením. Ak sa chcete dozvedieť viac o tomto vitamíne priamo od odborníkov, určite navštívte stránku gsklub.sk. Okrem užitočných informácií tu nájdete aj kvalitné doplnky stravy a vitamíny. 

Zdroj fotiek: freepik.com

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