Jarné prechádzky a hrozba „napadnutia“ kliešťom

Rodiny s deťmi, turisti, psíčkari, to všetko sú rizikové skupiny, ktorým hrozí, že si domov prinesú okrem príjemných spomienok a relaxu navyše nechceného „návštevníka“ – kliešťa. Šikovne sa prichytáva na šatoch a v horšom prípade na koži.

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Pozor na kliešte

Pred výletom či prechádzkou do lesa sa vhodne oblečte, zvoľte svetlejšie odevy, na ktorých je kliešť viditeľný, dlhé rukávy a nohavice, šiltovku či šatku. Preventívne použite tzv. ochranné spreje či krémy. Po návrate domov seba a deti poriadne skontrolujte, čím dlhšie je kliešť „zahryznutý“ na koži, tým sa zvyšuje riziko infekcie. Aby sa vám nerozliezol po byte, šaty vysušte, pretože kliešť neznáša sucho.

Hrozba ochorenia boréliovej infekcie

V jarných mesiacoch od mája do septembra je riziko nakazenia baktériou (Borrelia burgdorferi), ktorú  prenášajú kliešte s následkom ochorenia – boreliózou. Prenášačom na človeka je kliešť (Ixodes ricinus), ktorý je infikovaný a prisaje sa, alebo zanesením jeho výkalov pod kožu či kúskom rozdrveného tela.

Odstránenie kliešťa z kože

V prípade nálezu na tele je potrebné ho okamžite odstrániť pomocou pinzety. Pozor! Nedotýkajte sa ho holými rukami. Miesto s kliešťom dezinfikujte najlepšie jódovým prípravkom, po zaschnutí dezinfekcie uchopte kliešťa pinzetou čo najbližšie k pokožke; aby ste ho zachytili najbližšie k hlavičke a jemným kývaním a pomalým pohybom  sa ho snažte vytiahnuť, následne ranku dezinfikujte.  Pozor na hlavičku, aby ste ju neodtrhli.  Ak sa tak stane, nalejte na ňu trochu dezinfekcie, ktorá by ju mala vysušiť a sama odpadnúť. V horšom prípade koža sa zapáli  a hlavička vyhnisá.

Príznaky a prejavy lymskej boreliózy

Ochorenie delíme na tri  štádia a nie každý pacient prekoná všetky.

Prejavom skorej infekcie (prvé štádium) je erythema migrans, je to červený okrúhly fliačik veľkosti asi 15 cm, ktorý sa objaví o niekoľko dní až týždňov po zaklieštení. Môže dosahovať aj viac ako 5 cm v priemere a v strede je bledý, prípadne šupinatý. Počas týždňa zmizne, môže sa aj opätovne objaviť; ale na inom mieste a menší. S prevádzať ho môžu príznaky chrípky, zvýšená teplota, slabosť, bolesti hlavy, svalov a zdúrenie lymfatických uzlín.

Pri druhom štádium sa prejavujú neurologické a srdcové problémy (myokarditída, perikarditída). Pri deťoch sa hlavne vyskytuje nehnisavý zápal mozgových blán (seriózna meningitída), sprevádzaný bolesťou hlavy, zvracaním, svetloplachosťou, nervozitou, zápalom nervových koreňov, poruchou hybnosti končatín a zmenou citlivosti. Pri dermatologických príznakoch sa objavujú zapálené ušné laloky, prsné bradavky u chlapcov miešok (boreliovým lymfocytom).

Tretie štádium  nastupuje po mesiaci až rokoch. Prejavuje sa najčastejšie na pokožke a kĺboch. Tzv. Acrodermatitis atrophicans je kožným ochorením hlavne žien, postihuje chodidlá, dlane a niekedy aj tvár. Postihnutá koža je veľmi tenká  a cez ňu presvitajú cievy. Pri kĺboch sú zasiahnuté predovšetkým kolená, ramená a lakte, ktoré sú bolestivé a opuchnuté.

Liečba

Ide o bakteriálne ochorenie, preto sa lieči antibiotikami. Základ úspechu je skorá liečba. Okrem antibiotík sa podávajú lieky na zmiernenie bolesti, zápalu a opuchom. Pacient by mal dodržiavať zásady zdravej životosprávy, zbaviť by sa mal nesprávnych stravovacích návykov a dodržiavať pravidelný pohyb. Do stravy môže zaradiť  dostatok cesnaku, vitamíny B skupiny, zelené čaje a včelí peľ, ktoré pomáhajú poškodenému tkanivu a podporujú imunitný systém.

1 Komentár

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