Rímske kúpele

Z dochovaných historických prameňov vieme, že antické kúpele boli centrom spoločenského života celej rímskej ríše a neslúžili len k očiste.Napriek tomu, že bohatí Rimania mali vlastné domáce kúpele, ich spoločenské postavenie vyžadovalo, aby navštevovali aj tie verejné.

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Preberali sa tam novinky zo spoločnosti, uzatvárali obchody, vystavovali rôzne umelecké diela a uskutočňovali opulentné hody. Prístup do kúpeľov mali skoro všetky spoločenské vrstvy bez rozdielu pohlavia aj vďaka symbolickému vstupnému. V čase významných sviatkov,  bol vstup do kúpeľov voľný.  Pôvodne boli kúpele spoločné pre mužov a ženy. Tento stav sa zmenil za vlády cisára Hadriána  (117-138), ktorý  zmenil tento úzus z dôvodu promiskuitného a vulgárneho správania niektorých návštevníkov kúpeľov.

Zo začiatku kúpele slúžili na odpočinok či kúpanie. Neskôr priestory rozširovali na športovanie a trénovanie. Antické kúpele tvoril komplex rôznych budov a miestností, podľa svojho zamerania.
Ihrisko (palestra) bolo obohnané  stĺporadím a vysypané štrkom alebo pieskom. Rimanom slúžilo ku hrám či k zápaseniu.
Hlavný bazén (piscina) slúžil k relaxácii a kúpaniu. V hlavnom bazéne bola voda prihrievaná na pocitovo príjemnú teplotu, preto tam často návštevníci diskutovali a nezriedka si dohovárali vášnivé stretnutia.  Bohatí Rimania tam prichádzali v sprievode  svojich otrokýň a otrokov, ktorí okrem masáží  boli pripravení plniť aj erotické priania ich pánov.

Antické kúpele boli na tú dobu technickým zázrakom pre dômyselné riešenie kúrenia a zásobovania vodou. Teplá voda bola v staroveku veľmi vzácna, preto sa nachádzajú mnohé antické kúpele pri žriedlach s termálnymi prameňmi.
Systém vodovod  a ohrievačov, slúžil na rozvod teplej vody a ochladzovanie vody v studených kúpeľoch (frigidárium). Frigidárium slúžilo k schladeniu tela po saune. Nachádzal sa tu menší bazén s teplotou 10-12°C.

Vlažná voda a vyhrievané miestnosti so stenami sa nachádzali v tepidáriu. Tu sa teplota vzduchu vyšplhala na 40°C a vlhkosť na 20%. V saune v tzv. caldariu sa nachádzali teplé kúpele s teplou vodou približne  55°C a vlhkosťou vzduchu okolo 100%. 

Nakoniec to boli obľúbené oddychové a relaxačné priestory. Práve tam bývali na dennom programe sexuálne orgie – skupinový sex, lesbický sex. Orálny sex v kúpeľoch  bol povolený len s otrokyňou.

Majestátne verejné kúpele sa stavali počas celej éry rímskeho cisárstva. Mali veľkolepé rozmery, stĺporadia, klenby a kopule. Steny aj podlahy boli dekorované maľbami, štukom, vzácnymi kameňmi (alabaster, mramor, žula) a nádhernými mozaikami.

Zachované antické kúpele

V dnešnom Tunisku môžete vidieť Antoniové kúpele, ktoré sú svedectvom antického Kartága a pochádzajú z 2.st.n.l. Nachádza sa tam 90 km dlhý akvadukt, ktorý  Rimania vystavali pre účely schladzovania v kúpeľoch.

Po dôkladnej renovacií sú od roku 2012 sprístupnené pre verejnosť Stabijské kúpele v Pompejách. Pompeje zničil výbuch sopky Vezuv v roku 74. Vulkanický popol zakonzervoval budovy a predmety, vrátane kúpeľov. Preto dnes si môžu návštevníci prezrieť ako mesto a kúpele vyzerali. Kúpele sú rozdelené na mužskú a ženskú časť ústredným kúrením. Cez šatne sa vstupovalo najskôr do tepidária, potom do caldária a nakoniec do frigidária.

Obnovené a  funkčné rímske mestské kúpele zo začiatku 4. storočia n. l. sa nachádzajú neďaleko našich hraníc  v archeologickom parku Carnuntum. Impozantný areál je vyzdobený štukami, maľbami a mramorovou výzdobou.

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    high creatine researchers over the past 20+ years, by the finest
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    Whereas EFSA doesn’t provide a restrict, lower remains
    to be higher, so Creapure wins in this regard as well.


    Adding to the above-mentioned protecting results of Creatine throughout a hypoxic state of affairs, particular benefits of
    creatine on the CNS have been proven. The term excitotoxicity describes the destruction of neuronal cells as a end result of pathological activation of
    its excitatory receptors [202]. Research was capable of show that excitatory amino acids, corresponding
    to Glutamate, become more neurotoxic when the cell’s power levels are reduced by hypoxia [211].
    Activation of the glutamate NMDA receptor correlates with decreased
    ATP and PCr levels [212].
    Bear In Mind, one of the best dietary supplements are the ones
    that align with your targets and needs. Strive including one or the opposite to your routine and see if you discover the boost in your efficiency.
    Both Creatine Nitrate and Monohydrate have their distinctive benefits and might considerably improve your health journey.
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    When it comes to issues of safety, we are able to say that creatine has little-to-no dangerous effect on healthy people.

    Its side effects embody nausea, abdomen ache, and muscle cramps, but these are all short-term they usually disappear after quitting the supplement.

    On the other hand, anabolic steroids are analogues of the male intercourse hormone testosterone, and they categorical their
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    Other times, the creatine is micronized, or mechanically processed to enhance water solubility.
    In concept, higher water solubility might enhance your body’s capability to absorb
    it (22). Creatine anhydrous is 100% creatine by weight, whereas the monohydrate kind is about 90% creatine by weight.
    This can enhance exercise performance and should even help combat
    disease (4, 5).
    It is a buffered creatine molecule, which means that it's processed with the next pH than traditional creatine monohydrate.
    The excessive alkaline pH (normally above 12) protects the molecules during their path through
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    Thus creatine amplifies the effect of resistance training and improves aerobic endurance.

    As such, when you persist with the maintenance dose from the get-go, you’re more likely to
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    however, mitochondrial dysfunction results in the overproduction of ROS and neuronal apoptosis which is carefully related to neurodegenerative diseases and cerebral ischemia
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    Creatine has demonstrated neuromuscular efficiency enhancing properties on short length, predominantly
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    Bench press power and energy manufacturing throughout
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    Creatine is a naturally occurring molecule in the physique produced from the amino acids
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    Creatine is a naturally-occurring organic acid that serves as an power buffer and vitality shuttle in tissues,
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    Proof, deriving from a selection of scientific domains, that mind bioenergetics
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    Creatine uptake rates and CreaT protein content material
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    When it comes to the heavyweight battle of creatine dietary supplements, the two contenders that consistently
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    that can help you decide one of the best fit for your fitness routine in an in-depth discussion. It can be the preferred and most cost-effective creatine derivative on the market.

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    It is regularly reported that creatine supplementation, when combined with heavy resistance coaching results in enhanced bodily performance, fats free mass, and muscle morphology [18-22].
    However, contradicting studies have reported no effects of
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    Because creatine performs a serious role on this system, more creatine means extra potential ATP, which translates into improved efficiency on short-duration, high-intensity tasks.
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    a sprint however not a marathon. Almonds are filled with protein and creatine producing arginine, which helps within the improvement
    of lean muscle mass. They also contain healthy fat which help in sustaining and reducing the overall physique mass index, making you shed pounds (28).

    Of this, about 2/3 of creatine is sure with inorganic phosphate (Pi) and saved as phosphocreatine (PCr) with the remainder saved as free creatine (Cr).
    The complete creatine pool (Cr + PCr) is about 120 mmol/kg of dry muscle mass for a 70 kg particular person who maintains a food plan that
    features red meat and fish. Vegetarians have been reported
    to have muscle creatine and PCr stores about 20–30% decrease than non-vegetarians
    [46,47]. The physique breaks down about 1–2% of creatine
    within the muscle per day into creatinine which is excreted in the urine [46,forty eight,49].
    Degradation of creatine to creatinine is larger in individuals with larger muscle mass
    and individuals with greater bodily activity levels.
    Subsequently, a normal-sized individual may must
    eat 2–3 g/day of creatine to take care of regular creatine
    stores depending on food regimen, muscle mass, and bodily activity ranges.
    The handiest and rapid approach to improve muscle creatine shops is to ingest 5 g of creatine monohydrate 4 instances daily for 5–7 days (i.e., zero.three g/kg/day) [46,49].

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