Jeden z nových 7 divov sveta Tádž Mahál

Zároveň sa považuje aj za jeden zo symbolov večnej lásky, ktorý dal postaviť indický vládca Šáhdžahán, cisár Mogulskej ríše, pre svoju mŕtvu manželku Mumtáz Mahál.

Cisár Šáhdžahán mal tri manželky, ale najviac miloval práve Arbudž Banu Begum, ktorá mu bola prisľúbená ako štrnásťročná, prežil s ňou nádherných devätnásť rokov a povila mu štrnásť detí, z ktorých sa dospelosti dožilo sedem.

Počas manželstva sa nedokázali od seba odlúčiť, preto ho často sprevádzala na vojenských výpravách aj počas tehotenstva. Po poslednom, tridsať hodinovom pôrode v roku 1631, umiera Arbudž Banu Begum v tridsiatich deviatich rokoch na vojenskom ťažení v meste Burhanpur.
Od toho momentu nastáva prelom v živote cisára a jeho potomkov. Po smrti jeho milovanej manželky, Šáhdžahána zasiahol hlboký smútok , z ktorého ochorel. Z týchto dôvodov sa rozhodol uchýliť na mnoho mesiacov do ústrania. Ako dokladajú dobové pramene, vládca rýchlo zostarol o niekoľko rokov a zbeleli mu vlasy ...

Túto situáciu využil jeho ambiciózny syn Aurangzéb, aby sa zbavil legitímneho nástupcu na trón, svojho najstaršieho brata Dára a ostatných súrodencov. Cisárovi Šáhdžahánovi sa napriek jeho uzdraveniu, už nepodarilo prevziať vládu nad svojou ríšou. Posledných osem rokov prežil ako ponižovaný väzeň v červenej pevnosti Ágry, z okien ktorej vraj mal výhľad na Tádž Mahál.

Tádž Mahál

Hlavná brána , ktorá celkom zakrýva výhľad na Tádž Mahál, symbolizuje vstup do raja. Po vstupe do areálu sa pred vami objavia vodné kanály a centrálna nádrž. Vodné kanály symbolizujú štyri rieky v Edene a záhradu rozdeľujú podľa svetových strán. V predkoloniálnom období sa vo vodných kanáloch nachádzali ryby, v záhrade žili pestrofarební vtáci, vysadené boli ovocné stromy a kvitlo tam množstvo ruží i narcisov, ktoré sa nachádzajú aj na mramorovej výzdobe. Celá parková úprava symbolizovala život. Dnešná podoba pochádza z koloniálnych čias, ktorá odráža britský štýl. V súčasnosti vodné kanály lemujú zelené ihličnaté stromy cyprusy , ktoré sú symbolom smrti. Celý komplex obkolesuje stena z červeného pieskovca a na jej obvode sa nachádzajú ešte bočné brány, dom pre hosťov, pavilóny pre hudobníkov a mešita.

Mauzóleum

Pamätník stavalo 20 tisíc robotníkov od roku 1632 do 1653 a celý komplex sa nachádza na 17,5 hektároch. Stojí na 7 metrovom mramorovom sokli a v rohoch sa týčia štyridsať metrové minarety. Na každom z nich je napísané písmeno a dohromady tvoria jedno z mien Alláhových. Hlavná kupola je dvojitá a vnútorná má výšku 24,7 metrov. Zaujímavosťou je, že v každom kúte sú symetricky rozmiestnené štyri malé kupole. Vrchná časť kupole bola pôvodne zo zlata, v 19.storočí ju nahradil pozlátený bronz.

Farba mauzólea sa mení počas celého dňa. Ráno pamätník vyzerá ružový, večer biely a po západe slnka sa sfarbuje do zlata. Obklad z bieleho mramoru pochádza zo vzdialeného mesta Makrana v Rádžestáne. Povrch mramorových dosiek je zdobený polodrahokamami a drahokamami – jaspis z Pundžábu, nefrit a kryštály z Číny, tyrkys z Tibetu, lapis lazuli z Afganistanu a zafír zo Srí Lanky. Na dekoráciu bola použitá talianska technika pietra dura a použitých bolo 28 druhov polodrahokamov a drahokamov. Mramorové motívy bielych kvetín narcisov a kosatcov na mramorových paneloch symbolizujú smrť a sú zopakované na celej stavbe niekoľko tisíc krát.

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