Rozdiely medzi číslovaním topánok

Napísal Obuvkovo.sk 04. marec 2014

Patríte medzi tých, čo nechápu, prečo na každej topánke musí byť celá séria čísiel? Nerozumiete tomu, prečo vám výrobcovia takto zbytočne komplikujú život?


Na prvý pohľad to naozaj nedáva zmysel. Prečo vo svete existuje toľko systémov číslovania topánok? Načo je dobré takéto číslovanie nôh? Nestačil by jeden systém?

Nie ste prví (a určite ani poslední), koho toto napadlo. Nie je tomu tak dávno, keď sa výrobcovia pokúsili tento zmätok zjednotiť. Vo svete sa objavil tzv. systém Mondopoint, ktorý mal poslať britské, americké, európske či japonské číslovanie do zabudnutia.
Bez úspechu. Na trhu s topánkami nevládnu výrobcovia, vlády či predajcovia, ale spotrebitelia. A tí, z nejakých podivných dôvodov, nedokázali nový systém prijať, a ostali verní tradičnému (ich) systému číslovania.

Vyššie sme spomenuli štyri najčastejšie využívané systémy číslovania topánok. V skutočnosti je ich omnoho viac. S číslovaním topánok to asi zostane tak ako s jazykmi. Ani esperantu sa nepodarilo vytvoriť jazyk, ktorým by rozprávali ľudia všetkých krajín.

Veľký problém s chodidlami

Rôzne druhy číslovania topánok je iba vyvrcholenie problémov s obuvou. Základ všetkých starostí však väzí trochu inde. Najväčším problémom sveta obuvi sú chodidlá.

Toto asi neznie veľmi objavne. Je to však dôležitý fakt. Problém je, že každé chodidlo na svete je iné. Obuvníci tak musia robiť kompromis za kompromisom. Mnoho ľudí nemá rovnako veľké dokonca ani vlastné dve chodidlá. Vo väčšine prípadov je rozdiel medzi ľavou a pravou nohou iba minimálny. Časti ľudí to však problémy spôsobuje,  keďže výrobcovia obuvi neponúkajú topánky o rozdielnych veľkostiach.

V ideálnom svete by každé chodidlo malo špeciálnu – na mieru vyrobenú – topánku. Iba v takomto prípade možno vyrobiť obuv, ktorá dokonale sadne.  V minulosti toto bol jediný spôsob, ako topánky vznikali. Prišli ste k obuvníkovi, ten vám odmeral nohu, vyrobil kopyto  a na základe neho zhotovil topánku.

Vo svete masovej výroby takýto postup nie je veľmi praktický. Áno, stále si môžete nechať vyrobiť topánky na mieru, avšak nečakajte, že vás účet za toto rozmaznávanie poteší.

V masovej výrobe sa robia kompromisy. Výrobu je potrebné štandardizovať a tak na mnohé vlastnosti rôznych chodidiel sa nehľadí. Výrobcovia ponúkajú v drvivej väčšina prípadov iba modely, ktoré sa líšia v dĺžke. Pri číselných systémoch sa dozviete akurát dĺžku topánky. Je to síce najdôležitejší ukazovateľ, avšak zabúda sa množstvo ďalších vlastností nohy.

Ľudské chodidlá sa navzájom výrazne líšia aj v hrúbke. Chudší ľudia majú napríklad chudšie nohy. Silnejší ľudia širšie nohy. Stačí sa v lete pozerať zopár minút na chodidlá okolitých dovolenkárov, aby ste rýchlo pochopili rôznorodosť ľudského chodidla.

Niektorí výrobcovia topánok ponúkajú aj rôzne šírky topánok – je ich však minimum. Výrobca jednoducho všetky hrúbky spriemerujú a ide sa do výroby. Pre veľkú väčšinu ľudí je to vcelku fajn. Smolu majú akurát tí, čo majú priširoké či priúzke chodidlá.

Medzi ďalšie premenné pri chodidlách patrí tvar chodila, veľkosť klenby a tak ďalej.

Čo číselné systémy vlastne merajú?

Aby toto bolo ešte viac komplikované, rôzne číselné systémy merajú rôzne veci. Číslo na topánkach môže označovať veľkosť chodidla, pre ktoré je obuv určená, veľkosť kopyta (na základe ktorého bola topánka vyrobená) alebo veľkosť vnútorného priestoru topánky.

Za normálnych okolností však toto veľa problémov nespôsobuje, pretože ľudí veľmi nezaujíma, čo číslo na topánkach v skutočnosti označuje (ide o relatívnu dĺžku).

Číslovanie obuvi uk – ako to funguje vo Veľkej Británii

Britský systém čísiel topánok je založený na veľkosti kopyta. Stupňovanie je po tretine palca. Najmenšia praktická veľkosť sa označuje 0. Tento systém nie je formálne štandardizovaný.

Britský systém využíva detské číslovanie obuvi a číslovanie pre dospelých. Detské číslo 0 je rovné veľkosti dlane – teda štyrom palcom. Číslo detskej topánky sa vypočíta takto:  3x veľkosť kopyta v palcoch – 12.

Číslo  1  pre dospelých je pokračovanie detského číslovania – dĺžka je tak 8⅔. Vzorec pre výpočet číslovania dospelej obuvi je tak: 3x veľkosť kopyta v palcoch – 25.

Britský systém číslovania obuvi je vo svete jednoznačne najstarší. Napriek tomu sa mu nepodarilo svet ovládnuť. Ako prvý číslovanie spomína genealóg  Randle Holme v roku 1688. Jeho systém rozdelil obuv na detskú a obuv pre dospelých. Toto rozdelenie je prirodzene umelé a prechod medzi detskou a dospeláckou obuvou nemá v tomto systéme žiadne bližšie vysvetlenie. Jeho pôvod je neznámy a asi to už tak aj navždy zostane.

Britský systém číslovania obuvi je veľmi dobrým dôkazom, aká je sila zvyku. Veľmi dobre ilustruje aj to, prečo snahy o zavedenie celosvetovo jednotného systému číslovania topánok zlyhali. Britský systém je na svete už viac ako 300 rokov. Napriek tomu sa prakticky nezmenil. Počas jeho existencie sa vyskytlo množstvo snáh ho upraviť či zmeniť, všetko však bez úspechu. Ľudia zostali verní tomu, na čo boli zvyknutí.

Číslovanie topánok us – ako to funguje v Amerike

Americké číslovanie topánok je veľmi podobné tomu britskému. Rozdiel je akurát v tom, že čísla nezačínajú na nule, ale jednotkou.  Americké číslovanie tak dostanete veľmi jednoducho: stačí k tomu britskému pripočítať číslo 1.

Americký systém však rozlišuje medzi dámskou a pánskou obuvou:

Pánska obuv

3x veľkosť kopyta v palcoch – 24

Dámska obuv

3x veľkosť kopyta v palcoch – 22.5

Tento rozdiel medzi pánskou a dámskou obuvou je založený na jeden a pol centimetrovom rozdiele dámskeho a pánskeho chodidla.

Detská obuv

3x veľkosť kopyta v palcoch – 11.67

Európsky systém číslovania

Európsky systém číslovania obuvi sa používa vo väčšine európskych krajín. Do tohto spolu sa navyše pridáva aj Brazília. V tejto juhoamerickej krajine je však číslovanie trochu upravené – Brazílčania z konečného čísla odčítavajú hodnotu 2.

Európsky systém sa používa aj v Hong Kongu.

V európskom systéme je veľkosť topánky rovná veľkosti kopyta. Toto číslo je vyjadrené Parížskymi bodmi (2/3 cm).

Vzorec vyzerá takto:

Veľkosť topánky (v Parížskych bodoch): 2/3 x veľkosť kopyta (v centimetroch)

Pokiaľ chcete vypočítať potrebnú veľkosť topánok na základe odmerania vlastného chodidla, budete musieť k tejto miere pripočítať 1,5 až 2 cm. Toto je rozdiel medzi veľkosťou kopyta a veľkosťou samotného vnútorného priestoru topánky.

Vzorec by následne vyzeral takto:

Veľkosť topánky: 2/3 x (veľkosť chodidla v cm + 1,5 cm)

Európsky číslovací systém nerobí rozdiel medzi pohlaviami. Rovnaký systém rieši aj veľkosti topánok pre deti.

Foto: Obuvkovo.sk 

Ázijský systém

S týmto systémom číslovania topánok sa u nás stretávame najmenej. V Ázii sa pri meraní topánok používa metrický systém. Rozdiely medzi jednotlivými veľkosťami sú minimálne 5 milimetrov.

Zaujímavým aspektom ázijského číslovania je pomerne veľký dôraz na šírku nohy. Za dĺžkovým označením obuvi totiž nasleduje označenie hrúbky. To je vyjadrené písmenami: A, B, C, D, E, EE, EEE, EEEE, F, G.

Veľkostné tabuľky

Trochu teórie za systémami číslovania topánok určite nezaškodí. Len málo ľudí je však ochotných takéto informácie nosiť v hlave počas nakupovania potrebnej obuvi.

Omnoho užitočnejšie sú praktické veľkostné tabuľky. Veľkostná tabuľka obuvi jednoducho ukazuje, ako previesť európsku veľkosť obuvi do britskej či americkej a samozrejme naopak. Vďaka veľkostným tabuľkám sa ľahko vyhnete akekojkoľvek chybe pri kupovaní topánok.

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    MyHC isoforms had been quantified after electrophoresis in a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE) [46,47].
    Frozen samples were mechanically homogenized in a protein extraction answer containing
    a 50 mM phosphate potassium lysis buffer 0.5
    mL/50 mg tissue. The total protein quantification was performed in supernatant aliquots by the Bradford methodology.
    Small volumes of the diluted extracts (10 μL) had been loaded onto a 7–10% SDS-PAGE separating gel with a 4% stacking gel, which
    was run overnight (27 h) at 70 V and stained with Coomassie blue R (Sigma-Aldrich®,
    St. Louis, MO, USA). MyHC isoforms had been quantified by densitometry and recognized primarily based on predominant fiber sorts in studied muscles samples, as reported beforehand
    [48,49,50].
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    MyHC I and MyHC IIa isoforms have been noticed within the soleus muscle, and MyHC IIx and MyHC IIb isoforms had been found in the
    gastrocnemius white portion. The relative quantity was
    expressed as a percentage of the whole MyHC expression. We were unable to randomize placebo and
    creatine conditions caused by the relatively long washout period of creatine [33].

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    Instantly after the end of the supramaximal checks, the members remained seated quietly for 10 min for measurement of EPOCfast.
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    Creatine is most likely going the most well-researched bodybuilding complement to date and creatine
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    In a review by Rawson et al., 22 research involving resistance coaching and creatine monohydrate supplementation have been reviewed.

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