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Čo môže indikovať bolesť vaječníkov?

Napísal KČ 30. jún 2020

Bolesť v podbrušku ženy často identifikujú ako bolesť vaječníkov, no môže znamenať aj rad ďalších ochorení. Ako rozpoznať bolesť vaječníkov a čo indikuje? Bolesť vaječníkov je niekedy ťažké správne identifikovať. Mnoho žien označuje každú bolesť podbruška ako bolesť vaječníkov.

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Bolesť podbruška však môže mať rôzne príčiny, od tých najznámejších ako je predmenštruačný syndróm, až po zápal vaječníkov. Ako teda zistím, že ma bolia práve vaječníky? Vaječníky sú umiestnené po stranách maternice v hornej časti podbruška. Ak pociťujete bolesť na ľavej alebo pravej strane podbruška, môže sa jednať práve o bolesť niektorého z vaječníkov. V každom prípade musí presnú príčinu určiť váš gynekológ.

Možné príčiny bolesti vaječníkov:

Ovulácia

Ak pociťujete bolesť v podbrušku v oblasti vaječníkov, vypočítajte si, v akej fáze cyklu sa práve nachádzate. Ovulácia, teda uvoľňovanie vajíčka, prebieha v 13. až 15. dni od začiatku menštruácie. V tomto období sú vaječníky citlivejšie, čo sa môže prejavovať bolesťou.

Bolesť by mala po pár dňoch pominúť. V opačnom prípade môže signalizovať iný problém.

Zápal vaječníkov

Nesadaj si na studenú zem alebo schody. Prechladnú ti vaječníky! Poznáte aj vy toto varovanie?

Za prechladnutými vaječníkmi sa v skutočnosti skrýva zápal, ktorý z chladu rozhodne nedostanete. Chlad môže “len” zhoršiť priebeh celého ochorenia.

Za zápal vaječníkov sú zodpovedné baktérie, ktoré sa prenášajú pohlavným stykom.

Zápal vaječníkov sa prejavuje súmernou bolesťou v podbrušku, krvácaním aj mimo menštruačného cyklu, bolesťami pri pohlavnom styku, vaginálnym výtokom, zvýšenou teplotou a bolesťami pri močení.

Na zápal vaječníkov musí nasadiť správnu liečbu váš gynekológ a rozhodne sa nespoliehajte na domácu liečbu. Dlhodobo neliečený zápal môže spôsobiť problémy s plodnosťou.

Cysty na vaječníkoch

Bolesť v podbrušku spolu s nepravidelným menštruačným krvácaním môžu signalizovať cysty na vaječníkoch. Môže ísť o nezhubné alebo zhubné nádory. Presnú diagnózu musí určiť lekár a v žiadnom prípade nemyslite hneď na to najhoršie.

Rakovina vaječníkov má rad ďalších príznakov ako sú nadúvanie, strata chuti do jedla, zápcha alebo hnačka, menštruačné poruchy a nevoľnosť. Ani tieto príznaky však nemusia automaticky znamenať rakovinu vaječníkov. Podobné príznaky má aj zápal slepého čreva. Preto je dôležité vždy vyhľadať lekára a celú diagnostiku nechať na ňom.

Polycystické vaječníky

Syndróm polycystických vaječníkov je ochorenie, kedy dochádza k zvýšenej tvorbe mužského hormónu. Príčinou bývajú cysty na vaječníkoch.

Ochorenie sa môže prejavovať poruchami menštruačného cyklu, rastom nadmerného ochlpenia, vyrážkami na tvári, ktoré sa zle hoja a nadváhou až obezitou, ktorú sa nedarí redukovať ani zmenou životného štýlu. Po diagnostikovaní choroby zvyčajne nasleduje hormonálna liečba. 

Bolesť vaječníkov ako príznak tehotenstva? 

Bolesť vaječníkov a krížov si mnoho žien spája s možným tehotenstvom. Je pravda, že v niektorých prípadoch sa môže zahniezďovanie vajíčka prejavovať miernou bolesťou v podbrušku.

Najspoľahlivejšou metódou na určenie tehotenstva však aj naďalej ostáva vynechaná menštruácia, pozitívny tehotenský test a vyšetrenie u gynekológa.

Bolesť v podbrušku v tehotenstve zvyčajne nesúvisí s vaječníkmi a je spôsobená prirodzenými fyziologickými zmenami vo vašom tele. Ak nie je spojená s krvácaním, špinením, výtokmi, bolesti sú krátke a nestúpa ich intenzita, netreba sa ničoho obávať. V opačnom prípade, samozrejme, treba vyhľadať lekára.

S čím si môžeme zameniť bolesť vaječníkov

Bolesť vaječníkov na ľavej strane si môžete jednoducho zameniť s bolesťou črevného traktu, napríklad typickou divertikulitídou - vydutím steny čreva.

Bolesť v pravom podbrušku je zase typická pre zápal apendixu - slepého čreva, no môže byť aj indikátorom Crohnovej choroby, ulceróznej kolitídy alebo črevnej tuberkulózy.

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