Zaujímavosti zo sveta starovekých civilizácií - Egypt

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Egypt, to nie sú len pyramídy a faraóni. Staroveký Egypt priniesol množstvo nápadov a vynálezov, ktoré ovplyvnili moderné civilizácie. Týka sa to aj rôznych zdravotných postupov pri bolesti zubov, ochrany zraku či antikoncepcie...

health_egypt_24

Liečba v Starom Egypte

Starovekí Egypťania dokázali ako prví vytvoriť ucelený zdravotnícky systém. Vďaka technike balzamovania spoznali anatómiu človeka a zvierat. Preto už pred 5000 rokmi dokázali ošetriť rôzne zlomeniny pomocou dláh, otvárať vredy, zašívať a liečiť otvorené rany. Predpokladá sa, že ako prví používali chirurgické nástroje, ktoré pred zákrokom opaľovali ohňom, čím ich dezinfikovali. Reliéf chrámu v Kom Ombo z 2. storočia p.n.l. je svedectvom 37 nástrojov, ktoré sú tam vyobrazené. Medzi nimi ľahko spoznáte skalpely, nožničky, medené ihly, kliešte a ďalšie.

Dentálna hygiena

Obyvatelia starovekého Egypta mali problémy so zubami z dôvodu nevyváženej stravy a všade prítomnému piesku, ktorý sa do stravy dostal z neďalekej púšte.
Egypťania podľa archeologických nálezov dbali o dentálnu hygienu. Potvrdzujú to nálezy v egyptských hrobkách, kde sa našli špáradlá. Používali aj „pastu“ na čistenie zubov. Recept napísaný na papyruse náhodne objavili v roku 2003 vo viedenskom múzeu. Dokument starý 1600 rokov popisuje ingrediencie, spôsob prípravy a použitie. Zmes pozostávala zo soli, kvetov kosatca, mäty a korenia. Zaujímavosťou je, že kvety kosatcov sa začínajú objavovať aj v dnešných zubných pastách pre ich liečivé účinky pri ochoreniach ďasien.

Objavila sa aj receptúra na pastu stará 2500 rokov, ktorá však slúžila len kňazom pri náboženských rituáloch. Jej zloženie bolo oveľa exotickejšie (volské kopyta, vaječné škrupinky, popol a prášok z pemzy).

Silný zápach z ústnej dutiny zapríčinený skazenými zubami a zapálenými ďasnami liečili pomocou cucavých bonbónov. Pripravovali sa z rôznych druhov bylín, korenia, kadidla, myrty a škorice. Pomocou medu vytvárali bonbóny.

Ochrana zraku

Typické očné čierne linky, ktoré si Egypťania maľovali nemali len estetický a nábožensky dôvod. Očné linky disponovali antibakteriálnymi účinkami a pomáhali chrániť oči pred drobným pieskom z púšte a pred možnou infekciou. Zároveň dokázali redukovať silné slnečné lúče.

Antikoncepcia

Ženy v starovekom Egypte používali niekoľko druhov antikoncepčných metód. Z tých absurdných je určite metóda, podľa ktorej sa mal trus od krokodíla vkladať do vagíny. Vyrábali sa tampóny z rôznych rastlín, ako napríklad roztlčené granátové jablka, ktoré sú prirodzeným zdrojom estragónu. Ako vnútromaternicové telieska sa poslúžili malé kamienky.

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Zaujímavosti zo sveta starovekých civilizácií - Egypt

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10	Joomla\CMS\Component\ComponentHelper::Joomla\CMS\Component\{closure}()	Rovnaké, ako volanie o riadok nižšie.
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1	Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute()	JROOT/index.php:49

id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	a	const	PRIMARY	PRIMARY	4	const	1
1	SIMPLE	b	range	idx_usergroup_nested_set_lookup	idx_usergroup_nested_set_lookup	4	NULL	2	Using where; Using index

#	Volacia funkcia	Súbor a číslo riadku
11	JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute()	JROOT/libraries/joomla/database/driver.php:1550
10	JDatabaseDriver->loadColumn()	JROOT/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:980
9	Joomla\CMS\Access\Access::getGroupsByUser()	JROOT/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:1095
8	Joomla\CMS\Access\Access::getAuthorisedViewLevels()	JROOT/libraries/src/User/User.php:458
7	Joomla\CMS\User\User->getAuthorisedViewLevels()	JROOT/libraries/src/Plugin/PluginHelper.php:318
6	Joomla\CMS\Plugin\PluginHelper::load()	JROOT/libraries/src/Plugin/PluginHelper.php:87
5	Joomla\CMS\Plugin\PluginHelper::getPlugin()	JROOT/libraries/src/Plugin/PluginHelper.php:129
4	Joomla\CMS\Plugin\PluginHelper::isEnabled()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:604
3	Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->initialiseApp()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:212
2	Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225
1	Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute()	JROOT/index.php:49

Status	Duration
Starting	0.03 ms
checking permissions	0.00 ms
closing tables	0.00 ms
checking permissions	0.00 ms
Opening tables	0.14 ms
After opening tables	0.00 ms
System lock	0.00 ms
table lock	0.00 ms
init	0.01 ms
Optimizing	0.01 ms
Statistics	0.01 ms
Preparing	0.01 ms
Executing	0.00 ms
Filling schema table	0.00 ms
Opening tables	0.01 ms
After opening tables	0.00 ms
checking permissions	0.06 ms
closing tables	0.00 ms
checking permissions	0.00 ms
Executing	0.00 ms
Sending data	0.03 ms
End of update loop	0.00 ms
Query end	0.00 ms
closing tables	0.00 ms
Removing tmp table	0.02 ms
closing tables	0.00 ms
Unlocking tables	0.00 ms
closing tables	0.00 ms
Query end	0.00 ms
Starting cleanup	0.00 ms
Freeing items	0.00 ms
Updating status	0.03 ms
Reset for next command	0.01 ms

#	Volacia funkcia	Súbor a číslo riadku
12	JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute()	JROOT/libraries/joomla/database/driver.php:1465
11	JDatabaseDriver->loadAssoc()	JROOT/libraries/src/Table/Table.php:747
10	Joomla\CMS\Table\Table->load()	JROOT/plugins/system/roksprocket/roksprocket.php:54
9	plgSystemRokSprocket->onAfterInitialise()	Rovnaké, ako volanie o riadok nižšie.
8	call_user_func_array()	JROOT/libraries/joomla/event/event.php:70
7	JEvent->update()	JROOT/libraries/joomla/event/dispatcher.php:160
6	JEventDispatcher->trigger()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/BaseApplication.php:108
5	Joomla\CMS\Application\BaseApplication->triggerEvent()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:668
4	Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->initialiseApp()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:686
3	Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->initialiseApp()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:212
2	Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225
1	Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute()	JROOT/index.php:49

id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	m	ALL	idx_client_id_parent_id_alias_language	NEMÔŽE BYŤ POUŽITÝ KĽÚČOVÝ INDEX	NULL	NULL	152	Using where; Pomocou filesort
1	SIMPLE	e	eq_ref	PRIMARY	PRIMARY	4	yy039000db.m.component_id	1	Using where

Status	Duration
Starting	0.09 ms
checking permissions	0.00 ms
Opening tables	0.01 ms
After opening tables	0.00 ms
System lock	0.00 ms
table lock	0.00 ms
init	0.01 ms
Optimizing	0.01 ms
Statistics	0.03 ms
Preparing	0.01 ms
Sorting result	0.01 ms
Executing	0.00 ms
Sending data	0.01 ms
Creating sort index	0.25 ms
End of update loop	0.00 ms
Query end	0.00 ms
Commit	0.00 ms
Query end	0.00 ms
closing tables	0.00 ms
Unlocking tables	0.00 ms
closing tables	0.00 ms
Query end	0.00 ms
Starting cleanup	0.00 ms
Freeing items	0.00 ms
Updating status	0.01 ms
Reset for next command	0.01 ms

id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	s	ref	idx_template,idx_client_id,idx_client_id_home	idx_client_id	1	const	2
1	SIMPLE	e	ref	element_clientid,element_folder_clientid,extension	element_clientid	303	yy039000db.s.template,const	1	Using index condition; Using where

Status	Duration
Starting	0.10 ms
checking permissions	0.01 ms
Opening tables	0.02 ms
After opening tables	0.01 ms
System lock	0.00 ms
table lock	0.01 ms
init	0.03 ms
Optimizing	0.03 ms
Statistics	0.07 ms
Preparing	0.03 ms
Executing	0.00 ms
Sending data	0.04 ms
End of update loop	0.00 ms
Query end	0.00 ms
Commit	0.00 ms
Query end	0.00 ms
closing tables	0.00 ms
Unlocking tables	0.00 ms
closing tables	0.00 ms
Query end	0.00 ms
Starting cleanup	0.00 ms
Freeing items	0.01 ms
Updating status	0.05 ms
Reset for next command	0.02 ms

#	Volacia funkcia	Súbor a číslo riadku
14	JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute()	JROOT/libraries/joomla/database/driver.php:1740
13	JDatabaseDriver->loadResult()	JROOT/libraries/rokcommon/RokCommon/PlatformInfo/Joomla.php:31
12	RokCommon_PlatformInfo_Joomla->getDefaultTemplate()	JROOT/libraries/rokcommon/RokCommon/PlatformInfo/Joomla.php:105
11	RokCommon_PlatformInfo_Joomla->setPlatformParameters()	JROOT/libraries/rokcommon/RokCommon/Service.php:71
10	RokCommon_Service::getContainer()	JROOT/libraries/rokcommon/include.php:38
9	require_once JROOT/libraries/rokcommon/include.php	JROOT/plugins/system/rokcommon/rokcommon.php:96
8	plgSystemRokCommon->loadCommonLib()	JROOT/plugins/system/rokcommon/rokcommon.php:54
7	plgSystemRokCommon->__construct()	JROOT/libraries/src/Plugin/PluginHelper.php:280
6	Joomla\CMS\Plugin\PluginHelper::import()	JROOT/libraries/src/Plugin/PluginHelper.php:182
5	Joomla\CMS\Plugin\PluginHelper::importPlugin()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:667
4	Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->initialiseApp()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:686
3	Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->initialiseApp()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:212
2	Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225
1	Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute()	JROOT/index.php:49

#	Volacia funkcia	Súbor a číslo riadku
15	JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute()	JROOT/libraries/joomla/database/driver.php:1740
14	JDatabaseDriver->loadResult()	JROOT/libraries/rokcommon/RokCommon/PlatformInfo/Joomla.php:31
13	RokCommon_PlatformInfo_Joomla->getDefaultTemplate()	JROOT/libraries/rokcommon/RokCommon/PlatformInfo/Joomla.php:67
12	RokCommon_PlatformInfo_Joomla->getDefaultTemplatePath()	JROOT/libraries/rokcommon/RokCommon/PlatformInfo/Joomla.php:106
11	RokCommon_PlatformInfo_Joomla->setPlatformParameters()	JROOT/libraries/rokcommon/RokCommon/Service.php:71
10	RokCommon_Service::getContainer()	JROOT/libraries/rokcommon/include.php:38
9	require_once JROOT/libraries/rokcommon/include.php	JROOT/plugins/system/rokcommon/rokcommon.php:96
8	plgSystemRokCommon->loadCommonLib()	JROOT/plugins/system/rokcommon/rokcommon.php:54
7	plgSystemRokCommon->__construct()	JROOT/libraries/src/Plugin/PluginHelper.php:280
6	Joomla\CMS\Plugin\PluginHelper::import()	JROOT/libraries/src/Plugin/PluginHelper.php:182
5	Joomla\CMS\Plugin\PluginHelper::importPlugin()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:667
4	Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->initialiseApp()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:686
3	Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->initialiseApp()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:212
2	Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225
1	Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute()	JROOT/index.php:49

#	Volacia funkcia	Súbor a číslo riadku
25	JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute()	JROOT/libraries/joomla/database/driver.php:1662
24	JDatabaseDriver->loadObject()	JROOT/libraries/src/Helper/LibraryHelper.php:167
23	Joomla\CMS\Helper\LibraryHelper::Joomla\CMS\Helper\{closure}()	Rovnaké, ako volanie o riadok nižšie.
22	call_user_func_array()	JROOT/libraries/src/Cache/Controller/CallbackController.php:173
21	Joomla\CMS\Cache\Controller\CallbackController->get()	JROOT/libraries/src/Helper/LibraryHelper.php:175
20	Joomla\CMS\Helper\LibraryHelper::loadLibrary()	JROOT/libraries/src/Helper/LibraryHelper.php:43
19	Joomla\CMS\Helper\LibraryHelper::getLibrary()	JROOT/libraries/src/Helper/LibraryHelper.php:90
18	Joomla\CMS\Helper\LibraryHelper::getParams()	JROOT/libraries/src/Version.php:321
17	Joomla\CMS\Version->getMediaVersion()	JROOT/libraries/src/Factory.php:778
16	Joomla\CMS\Factory::createDocument()	JROOT/libraries/src/Factory.php:234
15	Joomla\CMS\Factory::getDocument()	JROOT/libraries/gantry5/classes/Gantry/Framework/Theme.php:116
14	Gantry\Framework\Theme->init()	JROOT/libraries/gantry5/classes/Gantry/Component/Theme/AbstractTheme.php:67
13	Gantry\Component\Theme\AbstractTheme->__construct()	JROOT/templates/g5_hydrogen/includes/theme.php:28
12	plgSystemGantry5->{closure}()	JROOT/libraries/gantry5/vendor/pimple/pimple/src/Pimple/Container.php:113
11	Pimple\Container->offsetGet()	JROOT/plugins/system/gantry5/gantry5.php:139
10	plgSystemGantry5->onAfterRouteSite()	JROOT/plugins/system/gantry5/gantry5.php:57
9	plgSystemGantry5->onAfterRoute()	Rovnaké, ako volanie o riadok nižšie.
8	call_user_func_array()	JROOT/libraries/joomla/event/event.php:70
7	JEvent->update()	JROOT/libraries/joomla/event/dispatcher.php:160
6	JEventDispatcher->trigger()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/BaseApplication.php:108
5	Joomla\CMS\Application\BaseApplication->triggerEvent()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:1190
4	Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->route()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:796
3	Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->route()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:218
2	Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225
1	Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute()	JROOT/index.php:49

#	Volacia funkcia	Súbor a číslo riadku
20	JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute()	JROOT/libraries/src/Helper/LibraryHelper.php:117
19	Joomla\CMS\Helper\LibraryHelper::saveParams()	JROOT/libraries/src/Version.php:372
18	Joomla\CMS\Version->setMediaVersion()	JROOT/libraries/src/Version.php:331
17	Joomla\CMS\Version->getMediaVersion()	JROOT/libraries/src/Factory.php:778
16	Joomla\CMS\Factory::createDocument()	JROOT/libraries/src/Factory.php:234
15	Joomla\CMS\Factory::getDocument()	JROOT/libraries/gantry5/classes/Gantry/Framework/Theme.php:116
14	Gantry\Framework\Theme->init()	JROOT/libraries/gantry5/classes/Gantry/Component/Theme/AbstractTheme.php:67
13	Gantry\Component\Theme\AbstractTheme->__construct()	JROOT/templates/g5_hydrogen/includes/theme.php:28
12	plgSystemGantry5->{closure}()	JROOT/libraries/gantry5/vendor/pimple/pimple/src/Pimple/Container.php:113
11	Pimple\Container->offsetGet()	JROOT/plugins/system/gantry5/gantry5.php:139
10	plgSystemGantry5->onAfterRouteSite()	JROOT/plugins/system/gantry5/gantry5.php:57
9	plgSystemGantry5->onAfterRoute()	Rovnaké, ako volanie o riadok nižšie.
8	call_user_func_array()	JROOT/libraries/joomla/event/event.php:70
7	JEvent->update()	JROOT/libraries/joomla/event/dispatcher.php:160
6	JEventDispatcher->trigger()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/BaseApplication.php:108
5	Joomla\CMS\Application\BaseApplication->triggerEvent()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:1190
4	Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->route()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:796
3	Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->route()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:218
2	Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225
1	Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute()	JROOT/index.php:49

id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	xref	ref	tagID,itemID	itemID	4	const	1	Using where
1	SIMPLE	tag	eq_ref	PRIMARY,published	PRIMARY	4	yy039000db.xref.tagID	1	Using where

id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	a	ref	idx_state,idx_access,idx_context	idx_state	1	const	1	Using where; Using temporary; Pomocou filesort
1	SIMPLE	l	eq_ref	idx_langcode	idx_langcode	21	yy039000db.a.language	1	Using where
1	SIMPLE	uc	eq_ref	PRIMARY	PRIMARY	4	yy039000db.a.checked_out	1
1	SIMPLE	ag	eq_ref	PRIMARY	PRIMARY	4	yy039000db.a.access	1	Using where
1	SIMPLE	ua	eq_ref	PRIMARY	PRIMARY	4	yy039000db.a.created_user_id	1	Using where
1	SIMPLE	g	eq_ref	PRIMARY	PRIMARY	4	yy039000db.a.group_id	1	Using where

#	Volacia funkcia	Súbor a číslo riadku
14	JDatabaseDriverMysqli->execute()	JROOT/libraries/src/Table/Table.php:1264
13	Joomla\CMS\Table\Table->hit()	JROOT/components/com_k2/models/item.php:833
12	K2ModelItem->hit()	JROOT/components/com_k2/views/item/view.html.php:146
11	K2ViewItem->display()	JROOT/libraries/src/MVC/Controller/BaseController.php:664
10	Joomla\CMS\MVC\Controller\BaseController->display()	JROOT/components/com_k2/controllers/controller.php:20
9	K2Controller->display()	JROOT/components/com_k2/controllers/item.php:78
8	K2ControllerItem->display()	JROOT/libraries/src/MVC/Controller/BaseController.php:702
7	Joomla\CMS\MVC\Controller\BaseController->execute()	JROOT/components/com_k2/k2.php:64
6	require_once JROOT/components/com_k2/k2.php	JROOT/libraries/src/Component/ComponentHelper.php:402
5	Joomla\CMS\Component\ComponentHelper::executeComponent()	JROOT/libraries/src/Component/ComponentHelper.php:377
4	Joomla\CMS\Component\ComponentHelper::renderComponent()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:194
3	Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->dispatch()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/SiteApplication.php:233
2	Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute()	JROOT/libraries/src/Application/CMSApplication.php:225
1	Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute()	JROOT/index.php:49

id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	PRIMARY	c	range	PRIMARY,category,published,access,trash	category	8	NULL	75	Using index condition; Using temporary; Pomocou filesort
1	PRIMARY	i	ref\|filter	PRIMARY,catid,idx_item	catid\|idx_item	4\|7	yy039000db.c.id	64 (50%)	Using index condition; Using where; Using rowid filter
1	PRIMARY	<derived3>	ref	key0	key0	4	yy039000db.i.id	10	FirstMatch(i)
3	DERIVED	NULL	NULL	NULL	NEMÔŽE BYŤ POUŽITÝ KĽÚČOVÝ INDEX	NULL	NULL	NULL	No tables used

Status	Duration
Starting	2.63 ms
checking permissions	0.00 ms
Opening tables	0.01 ms
After opening tables	0.00 ms
System lock	0.00 ms
table lock	0.01 ms
init	1.03 ms
Optimizing	0.81 ms
Statistics	0.09 ms
Preparing	0.02 ms
Creating tmp table	0.03 ms
Sorting result	0.01 ms
Executing	0.00 ms
Sending data	13.13 ms
Removing tmp table	0.01 ms
Sending data	219.70 ms
Creating sort index	50.37 ms
Removing tmp table	5.23 ms
Creating sort index	0.01 ms
End of update loop	0.01 ms
Query end	0.00 ms
Commit	0.01 ms
Query end	0.00 ms
closing tables	0.00 ms
Removing tmp table	0.01 ms
closing tables	0.00 ms
Unlocking tables	0.00 ms
closing tables	0.01 ms
Query end	0.00 ms
Starting cleanup	0.00 ms
Freeing items	0.20 ms
Updating status	0.05 ms
Reset for next command	0.03 ms

id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
1	SIMPLE	m	ref	PRIMARY,published,newsfeeds	published	1	const	25	Using index condition; Using where; Pomocou filesort
1	SIMPLE	mm	ref	PRIMARY	PRIMARY	4	yy039000db.m.id	1	Using where; Using index
1	SIMPLE	e	ref	element_clientid,element_folder_clientid	element_clientid	303	yy039000db.m.module,const	1	Using index condition; Using where