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Napísal femme 14. september 2023

Odpradávna ľudia hľadali spôsoby, ktorými by vyliečili telo. Na začiatku to bola mágia, neskôr náboženské obrady, ktoré sa stáročiami sformovali do dnešnej podoby medicíny. Pripravili sme pre vás niekoľko prelomových objavov.

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Prvé trepanácie lebky vykonávali naši predkovia už pred 10 000 rokmi a slúžili na vyháňanie zlých duchov. V Starovekom Egypte  dobre poznali ľudské telo, čo im umožňovalo mumifikovať svojich mŕtvych. Práve Hippokrates dal základy medicíne očistenej od mágie a Galenos, sa venoval tvaru a umiestneniu orgánov -  anatómii. Číňania podobne ako GréciRimania boli presvedčení, že zdravie človeka závisí na rovnováhe dvoch protichodných síl jing a jang.Na dosiahnutie rovnovážneho stavu používali akupunktúru, ktorá je praktikovaná dodnes. V 10.  a 11. storočí lekári čerpali hlavne z východnej medicíny  Rhazsaa Avicenna.

Prvé lekárske školy v Európe začali vznikať až v stredoveku. 17. a 18. storočie bolo v znamení štúdia telesných funkcií – fyziológie, a až v 19. storočí sa stala medicína vedou. Najväčším objavom bol objav mikróbov, mikroorganizmov zodpovedných za infekčné choroby. Alexander Fleming objavil v 20. storočí antibiotikum – penicilín, ktorý sa stal významný bojovník proti infekčným chorobám. Koniec 20. a začiatok 21. storočia je hlavne v znamení genetiky.

Viete to? 

Odkiaľ prišla najhoršia epidémia stredoveku – MOR? 
Do Európy sa dostala z Číny a Indie, v 16. storočí si vyžiadala život až 25 miliónov ľudí.

Kde žijú najvyšší a najnižší ľudia na Zemi?
Najvyšší ľudia sú Tutsiovia z Rwandy a Burundy v Afrike. Ich priemerná výška pre mužov je 195 cm, pre ženy 178 cm. Medzi najnižších ľudí patria určite Mbutiovia z kmeňa Pygmejov. Muži dorastajú do výšky 137 cm a ženy do výšky 135 cm.

Môžete dopredu poznať výšku svojho dieťaťa?
Zaručená metóda síce neexistuje, ale približnú predstavu o budúcom vzraste si môžete vypočítať z jednoduchého vzorca. Vezmite výšku dvojročného dieťaťa a vynásobte ju dvoma. To znamená, že dieťa vysoké 82 cm bude mať v 18. rokoch približne 164 cm.

Viete to, že prvé okuliare objavili v Taliansku v roku 1285 a, že až v roku 1952 si mohli vyskúšať pacienti so sluchovým postihnutím prvé načúvacie slúchadlá?

 

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