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Dva tipy na výlet pre milovníkov histórie, kultúry a prírody v Čechách

Napísal Michaela Conzarová 24. október 2023

Prvý tip vás zavedie na hrad SVOJANOV, v ktorom sa mieša gotický štýl s empírom a patrí medzi najstaršie hrady v Čechách. Druhý tip smeruje do českého mesta POLIČKA v Pardubickom kraji, kde sa narodil hudobný skladateľ Bohuslav Martinů.

O hrade Svojanov

Uprostred hlbokých lesov nad romantickým údolím rieky  Křetinky sa nachádza malebný hrad Svojanov, jeden z najstarších kráľovských hradov v Čechách. Založili ho v roku 1224. Roku 1265 založil kráľ Přemysl  Otokar II. neďaleko kráľovské mesto Polička.

Hrad v 13.storočí plnil účel strážnej pevnosti. Strážilo historickú hranicu medzi Čechmi a Moravou. Jeho dominantu dodnes tvorí hradná valcová veža 26 metrov vysoká. Pri bojoch slúžila ako posledné útočište obrancov.  Na hrade možno obdivovať gotickú stĺpovú sieň, expozíciu o histórii hradu, kuchyňu, mučiareň. Hrad obopína mohutná hradba, miestami dosahuje 8 metrov. Pôvodný goticky palác sa dodnes zachoval ako palác empírový.

Pri prehliadke sa návštevníci zoznámia s celou radou povestí, legiend a strašidelných príbehov, ktorými je hrad opradený. Aj dnes je Svojanov známy tým, že sa v jeho okolí vyskytujú tajomné javy. Pre návštevníkov sú pripravené tri okruhy prehliadok. V prvom si prezriete  množstvo komnát zariadené štýlovým inventárom, doplnkami každodennej spotreby a rôznymi kuriozitami. Nebude chýbať ani lovecký salón s trofejami a tiež dámsku a pánsku časť, ktoré boli v 19. storočí oddelené.

V druhom okruhu môžete vidieť dom zbrojnošov, obytné priestory, tajomné miestnosti, mučiarne, kde okúsite atmosféru utrpenia na škripci, či klietku pre nepoctivých obchodníkov a pouličné devy.

Tretí okruh predstaví vonkajší areál hradu, ktorý je veľmi rozmanitý. Voliéry s dravými vtákmi, ktoré nie sú schopné samostatného života vo voľnej prírode určite zaujmú aj detských  návštevníkov Obdivovať možno aj  dominantnú vysokú vežu, či studňu ktorú objavili pri stavebných úpravách v roku 2011.

Hrad Svojanov, kde sa zjavuje Katarína na hrade každú noc

V roku 1645 údajne podľa legendy dobýjali hrad Svojanov švédski vojaci. Pri obrane zahynul pán hradu Bohuslav Záruba z Hustířan. Mladá vdova Katarína  so synom Hertvíkom veľmi žialila. Hradu sa ujal Bohuslavov brat Karel, ktorý začal dvoriť Kataríne.  Keď sa však zoznámil  s bohatou pannou rytierskeho rodu, Katarínu, ktorá medzitým čakala jeho potomka, zatvoril do najhlbšieho hradného priestoru. Odvtedy sa odtiaľ ozývali rany a podivný nárek. Karol bol nepokojný a po čase nechal pivničnú miestnosť otvoriť. Pohľad bol hrozný.  Medzi roztrhanými šatami ležala Katarína s rozcuchanými vlasmi a šialeným výrazom v tvári. Karol upadol do šialenstva, možno aj preto, že sa mu až do smrti Katarína každú noc zjavovala. Museli ho uväzovať, jeho šialenstvo vrcholilo v noci. Cez deň upadol do tupej ľahostajnosti. Aj po jeho smrti blúdi v hrade a na hradnom nádvorí podivná biela postava.

Bohuslav Martinů  sa narodil vo veži kostola v Poličke

Polička je vstupnou bránou do Žďárskych vrchov, jednej z najkrajších oblasti Českomoravskej vrchoviny. Medzi pozoruhodnosťami mesta  vyniká prstenec kamenných hradieb zo 14. storočia s dodnes zachovanými 19 vežami. Baroková radnica, Mariánsky stĺp, socha sv. Jana Nepomuckého a sochy sv. Jiří a sv. Michaela sú zapísané v zozname národných kultúrnych pamiatok. Jednou z najväčších dominánt mesta je novogotický kostol sv. Jakuba, v ktorého veži sa v roku 1890 narodil neskôr svetoznámy hudobný skladateľ Bohuslav Martinů.

policka_veza_bm_misela

 Kostol sv. Jakuba, v ktorého veži sa v roku 1890 narodil hudobný skladateľ Bohuslav Martinů.

S menom Bohuslava Martinů je neodmysliteľné spojené unikátne, romantické, aj keď pre život nepraktické miesto – malá izbička vo veži kostola sv. Jakuba v Poličke. Tu sa narodil slávny skladateľ. Päťčlenná rodina Martinů žila vo veži v jednej izbietke, keď sa to dá takto nazvať, až do Bohuslavových 11 rokov. Atmosféra života vo výške 36 metrov nad zemou sa nezmazateľne zapísala do mysle budúceho skladateľa.

policka_bohuslav_martinu_dobros

Polička, rodná světnička Bohuslava Martinů v ochozu kostelní věže, zdroj foto: Dobroš

Pokiaľ vystúpite po 192 schodoch až do samotnej veže kostola, budete odmenení nielen zaujímavou prehliadkou izbietky - svetlice, ale aj jedinečným výhľadom na celé mesto a okolie. Viac o slávnom skladateľovi sa dozviete v Centre Bohuslava Martinů v objekte Mestského múzea.

Zdroj foto: Michaela Conzarová

11 komentárov

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