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Syndróm modrého dieťaťa - prečo vzniká?

Napísal Kristína |Chudá 24. júl 2024

Zisťovali sme viac o tomto ’jave’, ktorý si môžete na svojom bábätku všimnúť hneď po narodení. Je syndróm modrého dieťaťa nebezpečný? Ide o stav, ktorý sa vyznačuje celkovou farbou pleti s modrým alebo fialovým nádychom, nazývaným cyanóza.

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Tento modrastý vzhľad je najvýraznejší tam, kde je koža dieťatka najtenšia ako sú pery, ušné lalôčiky, hlavička a nechtové lôžka. Syndróm modrého dieťaťa nie je bežný, no môže sa vyskytnúť v dôsledku vrodených srdcových chýb, environmentálnych alebo genetických faktorov.

Prečo vzniká modré sfarbenie?

Syndróm modrej masky je vlastne modré sfarbenie kože novorodenca na tvári zapríčinené buď tlakom na tváričku dieťaťa v pôrodných cestách alebo má dieťa modrastý odtieň kvôli slabo okysličenej krvi. Normálne sa krv čerpá zo srdca do pľúc, kde prijíma kyslík. Krv cirkuluje späť srdcom a potom celým telom. Keď sa vyskytne problém so srdcom, pľúcami alebo krvou, krv sa nemusí okysličovať. To spôsobí, že koža bude mať modrastú farbu. Nedostatok okysličovania môže nastať z niekoľkých dôvodov.

Fallotova tetológia (TOF)

Je to vzácny vrodený srdcový defekt. TOF je kombinácia štyroch srdcových defektov, ktoré môžu znížiť prietok krvi do pľúc a umožniť tak vytekanie krvi do tela, ktorá je chudobná na kyslík.

Methemoglobinémia

Methemoglobinémia je stav, ktorý súvisí s poruchou funkcie hemoglobínu. Môže sa objaviť u prakticky akéhokoľvek človeka, je však častý a nebezpečný najmä pre dojčatá, ktoré môže aj ohroziť na živote. Organizmus malého dieťaťa nemá dostatočnú kapacitu, aby methemoglobín zmenil späť na normálny hemoglobín. Ak dojča prijme väčšie množstvo zlúčeniny s oxidačnými účinkami, môže to byť život ohrozujúci stav. Typicky k tomu dôjde vtedy, keď dojča prijme vyššie množstvo dusičnanov. Dusičnany sú látky, ktoré sa nachádzajú okrem iného aj v pitnej vode. Preto si treba dávať pozor a ak je dieťa ešte dojča, pri dokrmovaní nevoliť jedlá ako špenát alebo repa. Tento stav sa vyskytuje najčastejšie u detí, ktoré sú mladšie ako 7 mesiacov, no methemoglobinémia môže byť tiež vrodená.

Iné vrodené srdcové vady

Genetika spôsobuje najviac vrodených srdcových vád. Napríklad deti narodené s Downovým syndrómom majú často problémy so srdcom. Niektoré srdcové vady sú spôsobené bez zjavného dôvodu.

Aké sú príznaky a čo liečba?

Okrem modrastej farby kože môže byť dieťa letargické, nechce jesť, nepriberá na váhe, jeho vývoj nie je taký, aký by mal byť, dieťa má rýchly tep alebo dýchanie.

Liečba závisí od príčiny syndrómu modrého dieťaťa. Ak je stav spôsobený vrodenou vadou srdca, vaše dieťatko bude s najväčšou pravdepodobnosťou potrebovať operáciu. Deti s methemoglobinémiou sa môžu vyliečiť užívaním daných liekov.

Dá sa tomuto syndrómu vôbec zabrániť?

Niektorým prípadom syndrómu modrého bábätka žiaľ nemožno zabrániť. Iným sa však dá predísť. Ako? 

Nepoužívajte vodu z kohútika. Nepripravujte umelé mliečko ani žiadnu ďalšiu stravu so studenou vodou. Vodu z vodovodného kohútika môžu bábätká piť, keď budú staršie ako 12 mesiacov. POZOR! Prevarená voda neodstráni dusičnany, preto sú na pultoch dojčenské vody. Hladiny dusičnanov vo vode by nemali prekročiť 10 mg / l.

Obmedzte potraviny bohaté na dusičnany. Medzi potraviny bohaté na dusičnany patria brokolica, špenát, repa a mrkva. Obmedzte množstvo týchto potravín aspoň do 7 mesiacov vášho drobčeka. Ak si vyrábate vlastné kašičky, použite na to radšej mrazenú ako čerstvú zeleninu. 

Počas tehotenstva sa vyhýbajte fajčeniu, alkoholu a liekom. Viete tak predísť vrodeným srdcovým chybám. Ak máte cukrovku, uistite sa, že je dobre kontrolovaná a že ste pod lekárskym dohľadom.

Hneď ako je príčina identifikovaná a úspešne liečená, väčšina detí s týmto syndrómom môže žiť normálny život.


https://www.healthline.com/health/blue-baby-syndrome#prevention

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    The Best Steroid Cycles: Everything You Need To Know



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    ## References:
    1 "Differential Effects of Protein Supplements on Muscle Mass Growth Rates in Athletes"
    2 "Evolving Injury Patterns in Weightlifting: The Impact of Experience and Participation Level"

    3 "Mastering the Atlas Stones: Techniques and Training for Strongman Success"

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