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Lákavé legálne praktiky obchodníkov

Napísal DTest 08. jún 2024

V rámci našej činnosti sa stretávame s mnohými nekalými praktikami obchodníkov. Na tie myslí aj zákon, ktorý niektoré vymenúva, k iným poskytuje všeobecné pokyny a všetky zakazuje. Obchodníci však používajú množstvo praktík, ktoré sú pre spotrebiteľov lákavé a úplne v súlade s právnymi predpismi.

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Obchodníci však používajú množstvo praktík, ktoré sú pre spotrebiteľov lákavé a úplne v súlade s právnymi predpismi. Dokonca nemusí ísť ani o hraničné situácie, keď by napríklad predajcovia využívali nepresnosť či nejasnosť právnej úpravy a spotrebitelia tieto praktiky nemusia vôbec vedome vnímať. O aké lákavé praktiky môže ísť?

Rozvrhnutie predajne

Prvým „trikom“ je už samotné rozvrhnutie predajne, keď často býva pri vstupe umiestnený výhodný tovar, aby spotrebiteľa „vtiahol“ dovnútra. Následne sú veľakrát spotrebitelia „nútení“ prejsť celú predajňu, aby nakúpili potrebné veci – v zadných priestoroch predajní môžu byť najčastejšie nakupované produkty a spotrebitelia si tak po ceste prezrú oveľa viac tovaru, ako by chceli.

Chytrým ťahom je tiež rozmiestnenie drobných sladkostí v priestoroch pokladní. Veľa spotrebiteľov dostane pri čakaní chuť na sladkosť a v prípade, že sú v predajni s deťmi, je odolávanie tomuto náporu ešte zložitejšie.

Do rozvrhnutia predajne môžeme zahrnúť aj rozloženie regálov. Vo výške očí bývajú „známe“ produkty, ktoré sú často drahšie a predajcovia z nich teda majú vyšší zisk. Samozrejmosťou je potom aj presúvanie tovaru s blížiacim sa dátumom spotreby do popredia. „To má zároveň za úlohu zabrániť plytvaniu tovarom, čo je, samozrejme‚ pozitívna praktika,“ vysvetľuje Eduarda Hekšová, riaditeľka spotrebiteľskej organizácie dTest.

„Lákavému rozvrhnutiu predajne sa dá však jednoducho ubrániť a to striktným dodržiavaním nákupného zoznamu,“ radí Hekšová. V prípade potreby si spotrebitelia môžu tiež spočítať cenu plánovaného nákupu a vziať si so sebou iba hotovosť s drobnou rezervou.

Osvetlenie

Ďalším, avšak veľmi dôležitým faktorom, je osvetlenie predajne. Takmer každý uprednostní rozžiarenú čistú predajňu pred ponurou a zle osvetlenou konkurenciou. Okrem pocitu vyššej čistoty, ktorý môže (ale tiež nemusí) byť oprávnený, vyzerajú lepšie aj samotné produkty. Tu už potom nezáleží na tom, či ide o potraviny alebo oblečenie. „Správne osvetlená kabínka s oblečením dodá mnohým spotrebiteľom dobrý pocit z nového kusu do šatníka,“ upresňuje Hekšová.

Spotrebitelia by teda mali byť rozvážni aj pri samotnom prezeraní produktov, pretože pri nákupe v predajni nemá spotrebiteľ zákonné právo na odstúpenie do 14 dní. „Veľa predajcov však vrátenie peňazí či výmenu tovaru ponúka aj nad rámec zákona,“ upozorňuje Hekšová.

Vzrušujúca reklama

Posledná praktika, ktorá je ale už viac regulovaná, je reklama. Pri reklame všeobecne platí, že nesmie byť pornografická – predajcovia sa však často snažia zapôsobiť a zaujať práve pudovou rovinou. Podľa výskumov tieto reklamy skutočne môžu upútať pozornosť, avšak ani to nevedie k zvýšeniu predaja. V jednom výskume bolo dokonca zistené, že billboard so sporo oblečenou ženou pri ceste mužov zaujal, avšak máloktorý si vybavil, akého produktu sa reklama týkala. Ženy polonahé mužské telo vnímajú často skôr negatívne.

„Predajcovia by sa mali snažiť zaujať produktom, nie lacným motívom,“ apeluje Eduarda Hekšová. Na Slovensku sa zaoberá etickou samoreguláciou reklamy Rada pre reklamu. „V prípade, že by spotrebitelia uvideli v reklame nevhodný obsah, ktorý si myslia, že je v rozpore s Etickým kódexom, môžu sa na ňu obrátiť so sťažnosťou,“ uzatvára Hekšová z dTestu.

Zdroj foto: Freepik

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