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Keď testosterón škodí

Napísal KS 20. august 2018

Vypadávanie vlasov postihuje stále väčšie množstvo mužov a žien. U žien v mladšom veku je príčinou vypadávania vlasov obvykle nevhodná starostlivosť či zlá životospráva. Vlasy môžu ženám prechodne viac vypadávať i po pôrode, čo súvisí s hormonálnymi zmenami počas tohoto obdobia. 

par dropovic femmeVo vyššom veku je príčinou vypadávania vlasov menopauza. Strata vlasov je v tomto prípade trvalá. U mužov je príčinou vypadávania vlasov mužský pohlavný hormón testosterón. Testosterón, ktorý inak robí mužov mužmi, má tak aj svoju odvrátenú stránku. Pôsobením testosterónu sa vlasové cibuľky postupne miniaturizujú, vlas sa stenčuje až nakoniec vlasová cibuľka odumiera. Tento nepriaznivý účinok testosterónu sa u niektorých mužov prejavuje už vo veku okolo 20 rokov. 

 „Najlepší spôsob ako premýšľať o raste vlasov je predstaviť si záhradu. To, ako rastú jej jednotlivé rastliny, závisí od toho, čo sa deje pod zemou,“ hovorí odborník na transplantáciu vlasov, doktor Ján Popovič z Dr. Popovič Inštitútu. 

Žiaden vlas nemá neobmedzenú životnosť – každý raz vypadne. Rastový cyklus sa obvykle pohybuje v rozmedzí 4 - 6 rokov. 

„Cyklus rastu vlasov ovplyvňujú niektoré lieky, chemické látky, choroby a infekcie, stres, trauma a pod. Vlasy môžu vypadávať i po častom česaní či necitlivom používaní farieb a iných preparátov na vlasy založených na chémii. Po odstránení príčiny sa cyklus rastu vlasov obvykle upraví,“ dodáva MUDr. Popovič.

Alopécia

Alopécia predstavuje ochorenie,  ktorého určujúcim symptómom je strata vlasov. Strata vlasov môže byť difúzna alebo ohraničená a to v závislosti od príčiny. Postihuje mužov aj ženy. Najznámejšou je pravdepodobne androgénna alopécia, ktorej sa ľudovo hovorí mužská „plešatosť“. Je difúzna a mužov nie zriedka postihuje už v mladom veku – okolo 20 rokov. 

Pri podozrení na alopéciu je potrebné určiť, či ide o infekciu alebo je príčinou autoimunitné ochorenie. Diagnózu však môže stopercentne určiť iba lekár. Kým v prípade infekcie vlasy niekedy dorastú sami, v druhom prípade je strata nezvratná. Dá sa však riešiť  - jedinou účinnou metódou v tomto prípade je transplantáciou vlasov, kedy sa odumreté vlasové cibuľky nahradia živými cibuľkami, schopnými produkovať vlasy.

Keď sú na vine hormóny

Všetkých nás ovplyvňujú hormóny. Pri vypadávaní vlasov sa u mužov i žien uplatňuje testosterón (v žien ide o relatívne zvýšenie jeho hladiny v dôsledku poklesu ženských pohlavných hormónov). Mnohí muži s problémom trvalého vypadávania vlasov zápasia už v pomerne mladom veku. Ako hovorí odborník, príčina nie je vo výške jeho hladiny v krvi, ale v miere citlivosti vlasových folikulov (korienkov) na vplyv tohto hormónu, resp. jeho derivátu (dihydrotestosterónu – DHT). Vlasová cibuľka sa postupne zmenšuje, vlasy sa stenčujú, cyklus rastu sa skracuje až napokon cibuľka odumiera.

„Muži s vysokou mierou citlivosti na DHT začínajú plešatieť už okolo 20. roku života a táto časová hranica sa neustále posúva dopredu. Muži s nízkou alebo minimálnou mierou citlivosti na testosterón plešatejú len nepatrne alebo vôbec,“ hovorí MUDr. Popovič.

Vypadávanie vlasov u mužov popisuje tzv. Norvoodova schéma. Podľa nej ako prvé začnú vypadávať vlasy na spánkoch (kúty). Horná hranica čela sa posúva dozadu, neskôr začnú vlasy rednúť i v záhlavnej časti a napokon obe plochy splývajú. 

„Vypadávanie vlasov v zmienených predilekčných miestach hlavy je spôsobené faktom, že zatiaľ čo zadnú časť hlavy pokrýva koža, obsahujúca vlasové cibuľky, odolné na testosterón, horná a predná časť hlavy je pokrytá kožou, ktorej vlasové cibuľky sú na testosterón citlivé,“ vysvetľuje odborník na transplantáciu vlasov.

Jediným účinným a trvalým riešením straty vlasov je transplantácia. Vlasových folikulov, vhodná aj pre mužov aj pre ženy. Navyše, zákrok takmer nijako neovplyvní váš bežný život. „Technika transplantácie vlasových folikulov, ktorá sa označuje ako FUE (Follicular Unit Extraction), je nebolestivá, nakoľko sa vykonáva v lokálnej anestéze. Rekonvalescencia je krátka, pacient sa rýchlo vracia do bežného života,“ dodáva MUDr, Popovič.

Viac informácii o trvalom zahustení vlasov i bezplatnej konzultácii nájdete na www.drpopovic.sk

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