Vytlačiť túto stránku

Slovensko je na chvoste EÚ v oblasti prevencie

Napísal Michal Krajčír 18. marec 2024

Podľa štatistík by sme pritom mnohé choroby či úmrtia odvrátili, ak by sme častejšie navštevovali špecialistov. To, že prevencia je lepšia ako liečba, netvrdia len odborníci, ale tiež výsledky správy Európskej komisie z roku 2021.

shutterstock_prevencia

Tie hovoria, že Slovensko má jednu z najvyšších mier úmrtnosti z príčin, ktorým sa dá predchádzať a ktoré je možné liečiť. Ročne tak zomrie na odvrátiteľné úmrtia až 11 tisíc ľudí. Spôsobuje to fakt, že Slovensko ako krajina vynakladá najmenej prostriedkov na prevenciu v Európskej únii, ako aj samotné správanie Slovákov. Tí preventívne prehliadky často ignorujú a o svoje zdravie sa starajú, až keď niečo začne bolieť.

Veľká časť zdravotných problémov, či dokonca až úmrtí by nenastala, ak by pacienti dostali včasnú zdravotnú starostlivosť, prípadne by bola odhalená v rámci prevencie. Slovensko je v štatistikách odvrátiteľných úmrtí dlhodobo medzi najhoršími krajinami v rámci Európy, napriek tomu, že vieme čo konkrétne robiť, aby sme znížili počet týchto úmrtí.

Máme nárok na preventívne prehliadky, no často ich ignorujeme

Takmer polovicu všetkých úmrtí na Slovensku možno pripísať behaviorálnym a environmentálnym príčinám, ktorým možno predchádzať. Samotné diétne riziká (nezdravá strava) prispeli k 26 % všetkých úmrtí. Podľa štatistík je na vzostupe tiež miera obezity dospelých a dospievajúcich a problémom spôsobujúcim úmrtia je tiež vysoká prevalencia fajčenia.

Slováci pritom majú nárok na preventívne prehliadky u rôznych špecialistov zo zákona. Ďalšie získavajú ako benefit napríklad od svojej poisťovne. Jedným z príkladov je i bezplatné vyšetrenie zraku u optometristu, ktoré dokáže odhaliť vznikajúce či pokročilé problémy so zrakom. Zrak je pritom jedným z najdôležitejších zmyslov, ktorý nám umožňuje vnímať svet okolo nás. Napriek tomu však mnoho ľudí podceňuje starostlivosť o svoje oči a zanedbáva preventívne vyšetrenia.

Viac ako tretina Slovákov používa nesprávne okuliare

Prevencia problémov so zrakom je kľúčová z niekoľkých dôvodov. V prvom rade, mnohé očné choroby a problémy so zrakom, ako napríklad katarakta, glaukóm alebo degenerácia sietnice, majú tendenciu postupovať pomaly a bez výrazných príznakov vo svojich počiatočných štádiách. „To znamená, že mnoho ľudí si nevšimne problémy so zrakom, kým sa nevyvinú do pokročilých štádií, kedy je liečba ťažšia a môže byť už neskoro na obnovenie zraku,“ upozorňuje Martin Slaný, odborný garant a očný optik zo siete FOKUS očná optika.

Súčasná doba je zároveň typická tým, že nás núti nadmerne pozerať na strednú a blízku vzdialenosť. Samozrejme, pozeráme sa na televíziu, obrazovky počítačov a mobilov dennodenne sa pohybujeme v interiéroch. Naše oko pritom ľahšie ostrí na diaľku. Na blízko to zvláda len kratšiu dobu. Náš zrak ale dostáva zabrať i v kombinácii s ďalšími nástrahami.

To všetko výrazne vplýva na náš zrak a je potrebné to riešiť. V roku 2020 bola napríklad myopia (krátkozrakosť) v celosvetovej populácii zastúpená počtom 31,5 % osôb. Až tretina obyvateľstva teda nevidí dobre do diaľky. Predpovede uvádzajú, že v roku 2050 to bude až 50 %.Prevencia je kľúčom k zachovaniu zdravia očí a zraku a je dôležité uvedomiť si, že i malé úsilie v prevencii môže mať veľký vplyv na celkové zdravie vašich očí. Z našich dlhodobých meraní vieme, že až tretina ľudí používa okuliare s nesprávnou korekciou či dokonca žiadnou, napriek tomu, že by ju potrebovali. To v praxi znamená, že si oči ešte viac namáhajú a prispievajú tak k postupnému zhoršeniu svojho videnia,“ dodáva Martin Slaný.

Prevencia ako základ

Na väčšinu problémov spojených s očami existuje riešenie. V prípade začínajúcich či pokročilých zdravotných problémov je potrebné sa obrátiť na svojho optometristu, ktorý vie pomôcť s konzultáciou, prípadne poskytnutím alebo odovzdaním informácie, ktorého zdravotného špecialistu navštíviť. Na mnohé problémy potom existuje korekcia v podobe vhodných okuliarov či šošoviek, ktoré dokážu problémy so zrakom eliminovať.

Zdroj foto: Shutterstock

11 komentárov

  • Komentár Denise %PM, %19 %943 %2025 %21:%mar napísal Denise

    You should be difficult your self to get fitter and
    stronger each time. It additionally will assist the lifting
    weight not appear so heavy by slowly progressing as a lot as it.
    This is to maximize energy improvements and muscle growth.
    You should look to extend the weights by 2lbs – 5lbs each exercise, depending on the exercise.

    All the training on the earth can stimulate muscle progress; however without the best food regimen you’ll not optimize
    adaptation. Over the earlier few years, numerous analysis papers have
    shown that if you need to grow muscle fast you need to focus on coaching quantity 
    [2]. Set a weekly schedule and deal with your fitness center workouts like appointments.
    After the first few weeks, you’ll discover that the health club
    simply becomes part of what you do.
    A program that utilizes these principles will typically fare better than one
    that does not. You do not need heavy weights and crowded gyms to get
    a full-body, fat-shredding workout. We’ve all recognized
    people who make issues more complicated than they have to
    be. At work, there’s the boss who requires assembly after mind-numbing assembly and
    procedures that rival a NASA rocket-launch sequence.
    (Come on, what number of steps does it really take to order new staplers?) For
    you, Office House seemed more like a documentary than a
    comedy.
    After your first week, the app begins coaching you every exercise, ensuring you’re progressing without overdoing
    it. But if you would like even more growth from this exercise, in case
    your machine allows you to, lean again as you perform it.
    Hip thrusts have been shown to grow the glutes simply as a
    lot as squats and, in this study, even led to virtually double the glute development when added to a leg exercise (9.1% vs 5.9%).

    On your final set, push previous failure by doing as many
    half-reps as you'll find a way to within the stretched place to maximize development.

    These plans evolve to replicate on your improved
    and persevering with to enhance personal efficiency.
    Read to figure out the best weightlifting app that resonates with you.
    For extra great examples of full body workout routines with dumbbells, check
    out my article, the Complete Physique Dumbbell Exercise.
    Again, we’re not speaking about your typical "one-size-fits-all" full physique
    workout with dumbbells. If you select to do this, your deficit shall be affected by your body fats share.

    Nevertheless, we do even have lower frequency applications with only
    3 or four coaching periods every week. With just 4 days per week,
    an efficient push-pull workout routine may be created that’s each enjoyable and effective.
    This is troublesome to do until your programming is on level, and
    even nonetheless, it’s still hard on the body. Going to the fitness center for two or three days in a
    row can make it very challenging to give 100 percent effort as you’re still probably fatigued from the final session, even if you don’t really feel like it.

    If you have not been doing any strength coaching — whether for a
    few years or endlessly — ‌it's essential to begin resistance
    training gradually‌. It is not one hundred pc necessary to keep
    doing the identical workout routines within the routine.
    Really switching workout routines round each 4-8
    weeks is a good idea to forestall overuse accidents
    - provided one always prioritizes proper coaching form, tempo, and full range of movement.

    As Quickly As you’ve explored it, all of the puzzle items will fall into place extra smoothly.

    Below is a listing of muscle groups together with pattern workouts.
    When you begin, use a load that's challenging however not overly strenuous.

    Going hand in hand with beating the logbook is taking enough
    rest between units. Enhancing performance is hard in case you
    are attempting to speed race via your exercises.
    Take 2-5 minutes of relaxation time between units on the compound workouts - squats, bench press,
    deadlift, and overhead press.
    The database search yielded 3320 articles (2492
    after removing duplicates), 2337 of which had been eradicated
    based mostly on titles and abstracts alone (Figure 
    1A). The full textual content was retrieved from 123
    reviews and 12 happy the inclusion standards. From these critiques, a complete of 182 unique authentic articles corresponded to
    our inclusion criteria. Of the 31 research that used DXA, 28 and three studies
    reported the change in lean body mass and fat‐free mass, respectively.
    Due To This Fact, 28 (74%) of research reported lean body mass changes as assessed by DXA.
    The number of SR‐MAs included for every outcome, and the number of authentic articles included in these SR‐MA are offered in Table S2.


    This isn’t to say you could construct essentially the most muscle with the heaviest weights, in any other case olympic lifters and power lifters
    can be the most important athletes round. Whereas they're
    muscular and powerful, they don’t have as much muscle as bodybuilder.
    I don’t want to provide the impression that quantity is the only variable that can construct muscle mass.
    This analysis paper highlights that there are three variables that mediate your bodies’ ability to construct muscle mass.
    A Lot like you prepare your triceps with pressing workouts, your biceps are onerous at work when you
    do pulling actions for your back. Nevertheless, most people need no
    much less than some direct biceps work to develop and strengthen them absolutely.
    Deadlifting involves lifting a weight (usually a barbell) off
    the bottom to the level of your hips and then putting it
    back down.
    A good pre-workout meal gives your body the necessary gasoline to reinforce power levels, enhance
    performance, and optimize nutrient availability. My best practical tip is to avoid stomach discomfort before understanding.

    Some widespread culprits are meals high in fiber, fats, or sugar alcohols.
    I like a protein shake and a chunk of fruit or a
    bowl of rooster breast and rice. To acquire muscle, you have to eat more calories
    than your body burns. Purpose for a slight caloric surplus with nutrient-dense meals
    to assist muscle development with out excessive body fat gain. For example, in case your maintenance intake is
    2,500 calories, 2750 to 3000 would be sufficient to maximize muscle growth.

    One Other example of why workout times will range is your schedule.

    To wrap things up, let's reply a quantity of regularly asked questions concerning exercising 5 days per week...
    You ought to be drinking about half your
    body weight in ounces of water. So, should you weight 200lbs, you need one hundred ounces of water
    per day (or 3 liters). The concept of recovery is straightforward and straightforward, but
    for a lot of people, it’s hard to comply with via.
    It pushes every muscle to the limit and makes use of cutting-edge scientific approaches to muscle positive aspects.
    It’s a no-hold-barred, intense introduction to muscle growth – even for a newbie.
    You’re right here because you want to increase your power and stretch out the arms and chest of your
    summer time t-shirts with some mass constructing. For those that say, "No pain, no gain," I say, "No pain, no brain." You don’t must really feel sore and exhausted by the end of your coaching session to see optimum
    outcomes. Measure your self on the same day and time
    each week to ensure the test is meaningful.
    Key measures embrace weight, appearance, skinfolds, energy, mood, and well
    being.
    There are only a few isolation exercises during this phase for chest, again, shoulders and legs as a
    outcome of the emphasis is on transferring as a lot weight as
    potential to add energy and dimension. So, until you're near-advanced or advanced, stick with the the 6-15 rep range.

    There are only a few workout routines where 1-5 reps is sensible,
    and that’s the big three - bench press, squats, and
    deadlifts. If you do these massive lifts with
    heavy weight loads, use caution. In addition, in accordance with the Poliquin Group,
    compound workouts carried out on the right depth can boost testosterone,
    a potent male hormone that decreases with age.
    A beginner’s set of adjustable weight dumbbells begins at about $50, however the price increases as you
    add more weight. Many gyms or health centers offer introductory training classes at little or
    no cost, or they've trainers obtainable in case you have questions.
    Additionally, there are many personal trainers who
    practice purchasers online, via video platforms. Gaining 10 kilos of muscle in 12
    weeks is mostly thought of unrealistic. However, substantial muscle progress can still occur with a well-structured exercise and vitamin plan in 12 weeks.


    There are plenty of glorious 4-day,  5-day, 6 day (and
    even 7 day) splits; they’re just not full body. For
    instance, when you have knee issues, you'll have the
    ability to perform shallower squats together with your toes spaced barely wider apart.
    Use gentle weights or your individual body weight till you possibly can perform the exercise comfortably.

    If you might have accidents or other well being issues, it's highly ‌recommended that you've a physical therapist or certified
    personal trainer design a strength-training program for you‌.

    You also wish to make sure your program is challenging enough.

    That being mentioned, teens will do finest with coaching 3 days per week using full-body workouts.
    Repeat this till you reach your lifting weight for
    that exercise. There’s no must relaxation between your warm-up
    sets as it’s lighter weight. Science has since progressed and
    the analysis now means that frequent, whole-body workouts are more practical for muscle growth.


    You will start with the same weight that you just used for the previous three
    units. Maintaining your relaxation time to a minute will be certain that your
    overall intensity for this train ramps up like a staircase effect.
    That must be your 10 reps max, so that you cannot
    do an 11th rep without your kind breaking down.
    I’d suggest starting each carry with 3-4 warm-up sets, slowly progressing in weight to your working units.

    Before puberty, youth and teenagers can raise weights, but the aim must be on studying
    actions and growing health rather than raising heavy weights and constructing muscular
    tissues. Youth can’t placed on mass before puberty, as they haven't yet had their hearty dose of muscle-building
    hormones, like testosterone and different growth hormones, dumped into their
    bloodstream. You can do cardio after your exercise, in your rest days, or
    in the morning or night separated out of your weightlifting sessions.
    If it was up to us, we’d say do cardio in the morning and weightlifting within the night.
    Your muscular tissues are strongest within the evening as a result of your body is
    warmer. For most people, they'll get one of the best power exercises in later on in the day.

    The one con you might discover with this exercise is due to
    the reality that since it's made to be a 4-day program,
    it should be carried out four days of the week.
    If you could have scheduling conflicts, which might be a
    problem for you. Because this type of bodybuilding program is
    so versatile, there really aren't a substantial quantity of cons
    with it.
    When you've been training for some years, or are an older trainer beginning out,
    it is extremely advisable to use an upper-lower split for the above reasons.
    Apps that ship push notifications or scheduled reminders benefit
    beginners and individuals who struggle to maintain up with
    their exercise plans. As you progress by way of your workout plan, if the app rewards you with
    incentives like badges or stickers, it'll assist motivate you to reach more milestones.
    Having to repeat the identical exercises over and over again will make
    you bored and lose curiosity. When figuring out with Future, a
    devoted coach will personalize your training plans with limitless workouts.
    Bodyfit exercise plans are created by top fitness specialists, with
    some having over 20+ years of experience. With these many fantastic options, it is no surprise Alpha
    Development Intelligent Strength Coaching has topped our
    listing of finest weightlifting apps.
    When you raise heavy, there's a larger likelihood of
    shedding your kind. That’s why you want to concentrate on maintaining the
    right type and doing strict reps to realize
    maximum results. This exercise routine is for intermediate lifters
    who've been exercising for some time and wish to problem and
    enhance their lifting capacity. Consistency might be your
    pal, so don’t skip any of the workouts either. Earlier Than you squat, I counsel doing 2-3 mild sets of leg extensions
    with steady motion and fast reps. Or you'll find a way to ride the recumbent bike for 5-10 minutes.

    If you fail to finish the full units and reps above then you need to stick to the identical weight on your next
    exercise. These lifting programs for newbies might look quite simple, but in reality, they’re truly very progressive.
    Due To This Fact, it’s sensible to add the smallest quantity of weight for isolation lifts like lat raises compared to squats or deadlifts.
    I’ve launched literally hundreds of individuals to
    weight coaching, refining the strategy I’ll share with you right here.
    Finding a safe, gratifying newbie weight lifting routine that really produces outcomes isn't straightforward.

    However you’ll additionally need to make positive you
    get the bench angle right. This can make or break the train and is determined by
    your chest construction. You most likely observed there are no core-specific exercises in the bro cut up above.


    You might throw in 4 completely different workout routines for your pecs and do three sets on each.
    The aim right here is to spice up muscle mass, enhance fitness
    and shred off any extra fats in 8-12 weeks. Once you’ve practiced every train and have the
    form mastered, begin loading up! Remember, the important
    thing to practical muscle power after 50 is heavy weight lifting.
    Without lifting weights, your muscle protein synthesis slows down.